Churchill, Stacy and I. Kaprielian. Coping with Pluralism in Ontario Education: A Review of Policies and Programs: Final Report. Toronto: Modern Language Centre, 1989.

A review of policies and programs in Ontario education which deal with people whose personal or family origins are other than Native peoples, French, or Anglo-Celtic. The methodology is borrowed from cross-national studies of development of educational policies for linguistic minorities. Program and policies reviewed include: multiculturalism, heritage languages, antiracism, special measures for refugees and recent immigrants, ESL, human rights education, and textbook revisions to eliminate bias or prejudice. (Copyright 1990, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Growing Together, a Backgrounder on Immigration and Citizenship. Hull, PQ: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 1995.

This publication begins with a history of immigration to Canada and how it changed over the years. It then reviews Canada's acceptance of refugees and the refugee claim process; the immigration system, how immigrants are accepted, and types of immigrant classes; Canadian public opinion on immigration; how immigrants fit into Canadian society and their contribution to that society; the concept of citizenship and how Canadian citizenship is acquired; and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. It concludes with a chapter on Canadian ideals. (Copyright 1995, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

City of Halifax Social Planning Department. Southeast Asian Refugees in Halifax: A Study of their Needs and the Services Which are Available to Them. Halifax, NS: Halifax Social Planning Department, 1980.

City of Vancouver Task Force. Background Paper on the Laotian, Cambodian and Hmong Refugees. Vancouver, City of Vancouver, 1980.

Davis, S. and L. Waldman. The Quality of Mercy: A Study of the Processes Available to Persons Who Are Determined Not to be Refugees and Who Seek Humanitarian and Compassionate Treatment. Ottawa: Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 1994.

This report critiques the present mechanisms and reviews the criticisms and concerns arising from the narrow appeal possibilities available at present to persons who are found not to be Convention Refugees. It looks at underlying principles that are adopted in designing new mechanisms. Finally, it contains proposals for new procedures and criteria regarding both humanitarian or compassionate (including risk) treatment and an internal appeal mechanism at the IRB. It includes rudimentary costing of the procedures. (Copyright 1994, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Derwing, T. and M. Munro. Citizenship Instruction for Adult (ESL) Learners : An Assessment of Programmes and Services Ottawa: Dept of the Secretary of State, Corporate Policy Branch, 1987.

In the last decade, there have been numerous initiatives on the topic of citizenship education for adult immigrants; but unfortunately, the studies, conferences, symposia and reports are not widely known. This document provides a national survey of citizenship programmes in order to identify their strengths, weaknesses and needs, and makes recommendations to the department on directions for citizenship education in Canada. (Copyright 1988, Canadian Research Index, Incorporated, all rights reserved).

Deschamps, Gilles. Etude longitudinale sur I'adaptation socio-economique des refugies Indochinois au Quebec: Bilan apres un an de sejour. Montreal: Ministere des Communautes culturelles et de Fimmigration, Gouvernement du Quebec, 1982.

Hathaway, James C. with the assistance of Leanne MacMillan. Rebuilding Trust: Report of the Review of Fundamental Justice in Information Gathering and Dissemination at the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Toronto: York University, 1993.

This report reviews the present state of information gathering and dissemination by the Refugee Division. It examines the weaknesses in the Division's implementation of its statutory authority to engage in non-adversarial, inquisitional decision making. It also examines the range of legally permissible information gathering strategies open to the Division, and the role of the Documentation, Information and Research Branch in coordinating these activities. (Copyright 1993, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Immigration Legislative Review Advisory Group. Not Just Numbers, a Canadian Framework for Future Immigration Ottawa: The Advisory Group, 1997.

Presents a review of the suitability of Canada's current immigration and refugee legislation to continue to provide the flexibility and direction needed to respond to emerging issues and migration trends. The review consisted of a re-evaluation of current immigration and refugee legislation through review and analysis of Canadian social, economic, and demographic trends and their implications; comparative review and analysis of other countries' experiences with immigration policy; conducting interviews with key partners; and development of a series of options and recommendations to strengthen the immigration and refugee legislative framework. Sections of the review cover the following: the principles of review; the need for a new legislative and accountability framework; partnership and co-operation with other levels of government and non-governmental organizations; community participation; the importance of the family; self-supporting immigrants; protection for refugees and those seeking asylum; building confidence in the system; the immigration review process; and residual powers. (Copyright 1997, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

International Refugee Integration Resource Centre. IRIRC International Bibliography of Refugee Literature (Working Edition). Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR, 1985.

Jones, P. R. "Vietnamese refugees: A study of their reception and resettlement in the UK" Paper No. 13. London: Home Office Research and Planning Unit, 1982.

Legislative Review Advisory Group. Immigration Legislative Review : Persons in Need of Protection. Ottawa: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 1997.

Provides background for discussion of the following questions: how Canada can best meet its obligations with regard to persons needing protection; what level of resources should be devoted to such persons; and the most effective way to provide fair determination of refugee status in Canada. Issues discussed include Canada's international obligations under the Geneva Convention; Canada's humanitarian tradition; the global context of refugee populations; screening of visitors to Canada; abuse of the refugee determination process; refugee resettlement; and protection of asylum seekers. The appendix outlines principal features of the refugee determination system. (Copyright 1997, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Marsden, L.R. Final Report: Children of Refugee Households in Canada. Working Paper. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1977.

McDade, Katharine. Barriers to Recognition of the Credentials of Immigrants in Canada. Ottawa, 1988.

Nash, Alan. International Refugee Pressures and the Canadian Public Policy Response. Discussion paper Institute for Research on Public Policy. Studies in Social Policy Program. Ottawa: Institute for Research on Public Policy, Studies in Social Policy, 1989.

The purpose of this paper is to provide information upon which discussion of refugee policy can be based and to offer an informed critique of Canada's current refugee policy. To do this, it examines the international and Canadian dimensions of the problem, contains a full discussion of the developments of Canadian refugee policy and the 1988 legislation, examines the problems posed by that legislation, and concludes with a series of recommendations for change. (Copyright 1990, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Nash, Alan E. Human Rights and the Protection of Refugees under International Law: proceedings. Halifax: Institute for Research on Public Policy and Ottawa: Canadian Human Rights Commission, 1988.

In the papers collected in this document, authors discuss the nature and causes of the refugee problem; the international response and the limitations of the existing protection system; possible means of prevention and solution; and the specific problems of the Canadian experience. (Copyright American Economic Association 1997; all rights reserved)

Neuwirth, Gertrude et al. Southeast Asian Refugee Study: A Report on the Three Year Study of the Social and Economic Adaptation of the Southeast Asian Refugees to Life in Canada, 1981-1983. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1985,

Neuwirth, G., S. Jones and J. Eyton. Immigrant Settlement Indicators: A Feasibility Study. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1989.

The study determines the feasibility of developing indicators to evaluate settlement programs. Satisfactory settlement is seen generally as an ability to participate fully in Canadian society. (adapted from Shiel and Beaujot, 1996)

Neuwirth, Gertrud. The Settlement of Ethiopian Refugees in Toronto: An Exploratory Study. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1989.

This pilot study explores some of the difficulties which refugees from Ethiopia have experienced their settlement and adaptation including their access to, and perceived adequacy of, settlement services The study focuses primarily on the linguistic, economic and social dimensions of adaptation Toronto was selected as the research site. The sample includes 20 refugees. (Copyright IHS/Micromedia Limited: Canadian Research Index 1982 to present. All Rights Reserved)

Neuwirth, Gertrud. The Settlement of Salvadoran Refugees in Ottawa and Toronto : an Exploratory Study. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1989.

This pilot study explores some of the difficulties that refugees from El Salvador have experienced in their settlement and adaptation, including their access to and perceived inadequacy of, settlement services. We understand by settlement, the initial time period during which refugees begin the long process of adapting to live in an unfamiliar society. The study focuses primarily on linguistic, economic and social dimensions of adaptations. Linguistic adaptation is seen as a necessary condition for all other forms of adaptation. For without at least some fluency in the language of the host society, a refugee is not only handicapped economically, but will be unable to understand the cultural meanings embedded in everyday life. (adapted from author's introduction)

Ontario Legal Aid Review. A Blueprint for Publicly Funded Legal Services: Report. Toronto: The Review, 1997.

Part I of this review of the Ontario legal aid system provides a historical background of legal aid in Ontario and an analysis of critical policy issues relating to legal aid. It includes a profile of the current legal aid system, its legislative framework, system of governance, delivery models, funding sources, types of cases for which service is provided, and how eligibility is determined. The final four chapters of part I address the following issues: legal services to low-income Ontarians; setting priorities for service delivery; the legal aid system in the wider context of the provincial justice system; and service delivery models. Part II sets out a plan for the Ontario legal aid system, beginning with a statement of principles and commitments. Subsequent chapters of part 11 attempt to work out the implications of those principles or commitments for service delivery in particular areas: criminal law, family law, poverty law, immigration and refugee law, and other civil law. Delivery models are proposed that promote early identification and assessment of clients' legal needs, facilitate diversion to non-legal service providers where appropriate, and manage intake of eligible clients. The final chapters discuss issues relating to funding, financial planning, and governance. Recommendations for reform are included in each chapter and summarized at the end of the report. Volumes 2 and 3 contain background papers prepared for the legal aid review, covering such topics as utilization patterns, legal aid to Aboriginals, quality control, delivery models and mechanisms, legal and constitutional requirements, governance, case studies in poverty law and family law, and legal aid in other jurisdictions. (Copyright 1998, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).