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University of Alberta

 

The Learning Organization

Based on:

The Fifth Discipline:
The Art and Practice of The Learning Organization

Peter Senge, 1990

Yonatan Reshef
School of Business
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2R6 CANADA

 

Full article about Senge's book

The Laws of the Fifth Discipline

1. Today's problems come from yesterday's "solutions."

2. The harder you push, the harder the system pushes back.

3. Behavior grows better before it grows worse.

4. The easy way out usually leads back in.

5. The cure can be worse than the disease.

6. Faster is slower.

7. Cause and effect are not closely related in time and space.

8. Small changes can produce big results -- but the areas of highest leverage are often the least obvious.

9. You can have your cake and eat it too -- but not at once.

10. Dividing an elephant in half does not produce two small elephants.

11. There is no blame.

 

PERSONAL MASTERY 
 

PERSONAL MASTERY IS THE DISCIPLINE OF PERSONAL GROWTH AND LEARNING. PEOPLE WITH HIGH PERSONAL MASTERY ARE CONTINUALLY EXPANDING THEIR ABILITY TO CREATE THE RESULTS IN LIFE THEY TRULY SEEK. 

PM MEANS THAT

PEOPLE CONTINUALLY CLARIFY WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO THEM (THEY HOLD A PERSONAL VISION) 

PEOPLE CONTINUALLY LEARN HOW TO SEE THE CURRENT REALITY MORE CLEARLY 

CREATIVE TENSION
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A VISION AND THE CURRENT REALITY

COPING WITH STRUCTURAL CONFLICTS
LET OUR VISIONS ERODE
USING FEAR TO PURSUE A TARGET MORE AGGRESSIVELY
APPLYING EXCESSIVE WILLPOWER TO OVERCOME RESISTANCE

 

MENTAL MODELS
 

MENTAL MODELS

RATIONALITIES DEVELOPED BY ORGANIZATIONAL GROUPS TO MAKE SENSE OF THEIR WORK EXPERIENCE 

ALTERING MENTAL MODELS

KURT LEWIN (1947)

THE PROCESS WHEREBY MENTAL MODELS ARE ALTERED AND NEW UNDERSTANDINGS ARE DEVELOPED INCLUDES THREE STAGES – UNFREEZING, MOVING, REFREEZING.

PETER SENGE -- How to Manage/Improve Paradigms
How Can We Align Our Beliefs with Our Practices?

SURFACING, TESTING, IMPROVING

REQUIRED SKILLS 

RECOGNIZE “LEAPS OF ABSTRACTION”

LEFT-HAND COLUMN

BALANCING INQUIRY AND ADVOCACY

ESPOUSED THEORY vs. THEORY-IN-USE

 

Denise Rousseau: Paradigm Change - 1996

STAGE

INTERVENTION

CHALLENGING THE OLD CONTRACT

   Stress
   Disruption
1. Provide new discrepant information (educate people).
Why do we need to change?
PREPARATION FOR CHANGE

   Ending old paradigm
   Reducing losses
   Bridging to new paradigm
1. Involve people in information gathering (send them out to talk with customers and benchmark successful firms)

2. Interpret new information (show videos of customers describing service and let employees react to it)

3. Acknowledge the end of the old paradigm (celebrate good features of old paradigm)

4. Create transitional structures (cross-functional task forces to manage change) 

PARADIGM GENERATION

   Sense making 
   Veterans become "new"
1. Evoke "new paradigm" script (have people sign on to "new company" by completing an orientation session; clearly outline new expectations and commitments)

2. Make paradigm makers (managers) readily available to share information

3. Encourage active involvement in new paradigm creation

LIVING THE NEW PARADIGM

   Reality checking
1. Be consistent in word and action (train everyone in new terms)

2. Follow through (align managers, human resources practices, etc.)

3. Refresh (re-emphasize the mission and new paradigm frequently)

 

SHARED VISIONS

Spreading Visions
Be enrolled themselves
Be on the level/honest/ - do not inflate benefits or expectations.
Let the other person choose.

Anchoring Vision in Governing Ideas
Vision
is the "What?" -- the picture of the future we seek to create.

Purpose (or mission) is the "Why?" -- Why do we exist?

Core Values answer the question "How do we want to act, consistent with our mission,
along the path toward achieving our vision?"

Limiting Factors

1.       The visioning process can wither if, as more people get involved, the diversity of
views dissipates focus and generates unmanageable conflicts.

Remedy:   Reflection and inquiry

2. Visions can also die because people become discouraged by the apparent difficulty in
bringing vision into reality.  Here, the limiting factor is the capacity of people in
the organization to "hold" creative tension.

3. Emerging visions can also die because people get overwhelmed by the demands of
current reality and lose their focus on vision.

Remedy:  Find ways to focus less time and effort on fighting crises and managing
current reality, or break off those pursuing the new vision from those responsible for
handling "current reality."

4. A vision can die if people forget their connection to one another. 

 

TEAM LEARNING

1.       Dialogue -- in dialogue there is free and creative exploration of complex and
subtle issues, a deep "listening" to one another and suspending of one's own
views.

          Discussion -- in discussion different views are presented and defended and there is a search for the best view to support decisions that must be made at this time.

2.       Team learning also involves learning how to deal creatively with the powerful
forces opposing productive dialogue and discussion in working teams.

3.       The discipline of team learning requires practice. 

Dialogue and Discussion
Suspending assumption
Seeing each other as colleagues
A facilitator who "holds the context" of dialogue
Balancing dialogue and discussion

Conflict and Defensive Routines

Practice
have all members of the team together
explaining the ground rules of dialogue:
suspension of assumptions
acting as colleagues; no hierarchy
spirit of inquiry (explore the thinking behind views and the evidence used that leads
to these views)

enforce ground rules

encourage team members to raise the most difficult, subtle, and conflictual issues
essential to the team's work

 


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