Refereed Journal Publications (Last five years)

• J. A. Bamford, R. M. Lebel, K. Parseyan and V. K. Mushahwar, 'The Fabrication, Implantation and Stability of Intraspinal Microwire Arrays in the Rat and Cat Spinal Cord,' IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng (in press), 2016.

• K. A. Mazurek, B. J. Holinski, D. G. Everaert, R. B. Stein, V. K. Mushahwar and R. Etienne-Cummings, 'A Mixed-Signal VLSI System for Producing Temporally Adapting Intraspinal Microstimulation Patterns for Locomotion,' IEEE Trans Biomed Circ Syst (Mar 9. 2016, Epub ahead of print).

• A. Ahmetovic, V. K. Mushahwar, R. Sommer, D. Schnepf, L. Kawasaki, R. Warwaruk-Rogers, T. Barlott, S. L. Chong, G. Isaacson, S. Kim, M. Ferguson-Pell, R. B. Stein, C. Ho, S. Dukelow and K. M. Chan, 'Safety and feasibility of intermittent electrical stimulation for the prevention of deep tissue injury,' Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle), 4(3):192-201, 2015.

• C. H. Ho, R. J. Triolo, A. L. Elias, K. L. Kilgore, A. F. DiMarco, K. Bogie, A. H. Vette, M. L. Audu, R. Kobetic, S. R. Chang, K. M. Chan, S. Dukelow, D. J. Bourbeau, S. W. Brose, K. J. Gustafson, K. H. Kiss and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Functional Electrical Stimulation and Spinal Cord Injury,' Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am, 25(3):631-654, 2014.

• A. Jeffery, M. A. Churchward, V. K. Mushahwar, K. G. Todd, A. L. Elias, 'A Hyaluronic Acid-Based 3D Culture Model for In vitro Testing of Electrode Biocompatibility,' Biopharmaceuticals, 15(6): 2157-65, 2014.

• L. Kawasaki, V. K. Mushahwar, C. Ho, L.H. Chan and K.M. Chan, 'The mechanisms and evidence of efficacy of electrical stimulation for healing of pressure ulcer: a systematic review,' Wound Repair Regen, 22(2):161-73, 2014.

• N. Sharma, V. K. Mushahwar and R. B. Stein, 'Dynamic Optimization of FES and Orthosis-based Walking using Simple Models,' IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehab Eng, 22(1):114-26, 2014.

• B.J. Holinski, D.G. Everaert, V. K. Mushahwar and R.B. Stein, 'Real-time control of walking using recordings from dorsal root ganglia,' J Neural Eng, 10(5):056008, 2013.

• I. Khaled, W. Moussa, V. K. Mushahwar and A. Elias, 'Flexible Base Electrode Array for Implants in the Central Nervous System,' IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 60(10): 2904-13, 2013.

• C. Cheng, J. Kmech, V. K. Mushahwar and A. Elias, 'Development of Surrogate Spinal Cords for the Evaluation of Electrode Arrays Used in Intraspinal Implants,' IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 60(6):1667-76, 2013.

• L. Solis, E. Twist, P. Seres, R. B. Thompson and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Long-term effectiveness of Intermittent Electrical Stimulation in the Prevention of Deep Tissue Injury in Pigs,' J Appl Physiol, 114(2): 286-96, 2013.

• S. Loerakker, L. R. Solis, D. L. Bader, F. P. T. Baaijens, V. K. Mushahwar and C. W. J. Oomens, 'How does muscle stiffness affect the internal deformations within the soft tissue layers of the buttocks under constant loading?' Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 16(5):520-9, 2013.

• P. R. Troyk, V. K. Mushahwar, R. B. Stein, S. Suh, D. Everaert, B. Holinski, Z. Hu, G. Demichele, D. Kerns and K. Kayvan, 'An implantable neural stimulator for Intraspinal MicroStimulation,' Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2012: 900-903, 2012.

• C. Tator, K. Minnasian and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Spinal Cord Stimulation: Therapeutic Benefits and Movement Generation after Spinal Cord Injury,' Handbook Clin Neurol, 109:283-96, 2012.

• L. Lovse, J. Bobet, F. Roy, R. Rolf and V. K. Mushahwar and R. B. Stein, 'External Sensors for Determining the Activation and Deactivation Times of Six Major Muscles Used in Walking ,' IEEE Trans Neural Systems Rehabil Eng, 20(4):488-98, 2012.

• L. R. Solis, A. Liggins, P. Seres, R. Uwiera, N. Poppe, E. Pehowich, R. B. Thompson and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Distribution of Internal Strain around Bony Prominences in Pigs,' Ann Biomed Eng, 40(8):1721-39, 2012. 

• L. R. Solis, A. Liggins, R. Uwiera, N. Poppe, E. Pehowich, P. Seres, R. B. Thompson and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Distribution of Internal Pressure around Bony Prominences: Implications to Deep Tissue Injury and Effectiveness of Intermittent Electrical Stimulation,' Ann Biomed Eng, 40(8):1740-59, 2012.

• K. Mazurek, B. J. Holinski, D. G. Everaert, R. B. Stein, R. Etienne-Cummings and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Feedforward and Feedback Control for Over-ground Locomotion in Anesthetized Cats,' J Neural Eng, 9(2):026003, 2012. 

• B. J. Holinski, K. Mazurek, D. G. Everaert, R. B. Stein and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Restoring Stepping After Spinal Cord Injury Using Intraspinal Microstimulation and Novel Control Strategies,' Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2011: 5798-5801, 2011.

• J. A. Bamford and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Intraspinal microstimulation for the recovery of function following spinal cord injury,' Prog Brain Res, 194:227-39, 2011.

• C. A. Curtis, S. L. Chong, I. Kornelson, R. R. E. Uwiera, P. Seres and V. K. Mushahwar, 'The Effects of Intermittent Electrical Stimulation on the Prevention of Deep Tissue Injury: Varying Loads and Stimulation Paradigms,' Artificial Organs, 35: 226-236, 2011.

• S. Gyawali, L. Solis, S. L. Chong, P. Seres, C. A. Cutis, I. Kornelson, R. B. Thompson and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Intermittent Electrical Stimulation Redistributes Pressure and Promotes Tissue Oxygenation in Loaded Muscles of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury,' J Appl Physiol, 110: 246-55, 2011.

• L. Solis, S. Gyawali, S. L. Chong, C. A. Curtis, P. Seres, R. B. Thompson and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Effects of Intermittent Electrical Stimulation on Superficial Pressure, Tissue Oxygenation, and Discomfort Levels for the Prevention of Deep Tissue Injury,' Ann Biomed Eng, 39: 649-663, 2011.

• J. A. Bamford, C. T. Putman and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Muscle Plasticity in Rat following Spinal Transection and Chronic Intraspinal Microstimulation,' IEEE Trans Neural Systems Rehabil Eng, 19:79-83, 2011.

• J. A. Norton and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Afferent Inputs to Mid- and Caudo-lumbar Spinal Segments are Necessary for Stepping in Spinal Cats,' Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1198: 10-20, 2010.

• D. P. Mukherjee, I. Cheng, N. Ray, V. K. Mushahwar, M. Lebel and A. Basu, 'Automatic Segmentation of Spinal Cord MRI using Symmetric Boundary Tracing,' IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed, 14: 1275-1278, 2010.

• J. A. Bamford, K. G. Todd and V. K. Mushahwar, 'The Effects of Intraspinal Microstimulation on Spinal Cord Tissue in the Rat,' Biomaterials, 31: 5552-5563, 2010.

• S. M. ElBasiouny, D. Moroz, M. M. Bakr and V. K. Mushahwar, 'Management of Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury: Current Techniques and Future Directions,' Neurorehab Neural Repair, 24: 23-33, 2010.

• A.N. Dalrymple, D.G. Everaert, and V.K. Mushahwar, An Intraspinal Microstimulation Controller to Restore Walking after a Hemisection Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Studies, 16th Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference, Banff, Alberta, November 2015.
  
  
• A. Toossi, D.G. Everaert, A. Azar, C.R. Dennison, V.K. Mushahwar, Biomechanics of Human Intraspinal Microstimulation Implant and Its Design Implications for Mechanical Stability, 5th Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Meeting, Banff, AB, April 2015. 
  
  
• A.N. Dalrymple, D.G. Everaert, A. Toossi, and V.K. Mushahwar, Intraspinal Microstimulation to Improve Walking after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, 5th Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Meeting, Banff, Alberta, April 2015. 
  
  
•  R. Zhou, J. Assh , L. Alvardo, S.L. Chong, V.K. Mushahwar, Effect of Inerlimb Coupling on Spinal Reflexes during Arm and Leg Cycling, Chicago, US, Oct 2015
  
  
• R. Zhou, S. Kim , S.L. Chong, V.K. Mushahwar, Corticospinal Input to the Legs during Arm and Leg Cycling after Spinal Cord Injury, 5th Canadian Spinal Cord Injury Meeting, Banff, 2015
  
  
• R. Zhou,L. Alvarado,V.K. Mushahwar, Active Arm Involvement in the Rehabilitation of Walking Wfter Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, 2014 Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital 9th Annual Spotlight on Research Breakfast, Edmonton, Apr 2014
  
•  L.R. Solis, V. Tan, P. Seres, V.K. Mushahwar, Reversing deep tissue injury with the use of intermittent electrical stimulation, Society for Neuroscience 44th Annual International Conference Washington D.C., USA, November 2014
  
  
• A. Toossi, D.G. Everaert, R. Butz, C.R. Dennison, V.K. Mushahwar, Intra-Spinal Microstimulation Implants for Humans, Society for Neuroscience 44th annual conference, Washington, DC, November 2014.
  
• L.R. Solis, V Tan, V.K. Mushahwar, Identifying the loading threshold conducive to irreversible muscle damage in deep tissue injury, 15th Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 2014.
  
  
• A. Toossi, A. Azar, D.G. Everaert, C.R. Dennison, V.K. Mushahwar, Towards human intraspinal microstimulation implants: Mechanical stability and implications for lead-wire design, 15th annual Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference Proceedings, Banff, AB, October 25-27, 2014.
  
  
• R. Zhou, S. Kim S, O. Shaw,S.L. Chong,V.K. Mushahwar, The Modulation of Corticospinal Input to the Legs during Arm and Leg Cycling, 2014 Society for Neuroscience Conference, Washington DC, Oct 2014
  
  
• A. Toossi, D.G. Everaert, R. Butz, C.R. Dennison, V.K. Mushahwar, 'Preparation of Intraspinal Microstimulation Implants for Clinical Implementation', 41st Neural Interfaces Conference, Dallas, TX, June 23 – 25, 2014.
  
  
• A.N. Dalrymple and V.K. Mushahwar, Intraspinal Microstimulation to Improve Walking after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, 41st Neural Interfaces Conference, Dallas, TX, June 2014.
  
  
• A. Toossi, A. Azar, R. Butz, D.G. Everaert, V.K. Mushahwar, C.R. Dennison, Mechanical Stability of Intra-Spinal Neural Implants, 5th University of Alberta Faculty of Engineering Research Symposium, Edmonton, AB, June 18-19, 2014.
  
  
• R. Zhou, L. Alvarado, V.K. Mushahwar, The Role of the Arms in the Rehabilitation of Walking – Preliminary Results, 2013 Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital 9th Annual Spotlight on Research Breakfast, Edmonton, Apr 2013
  
  
• R.S. Wong, S.L. Chong, R. Zhou, V.K. Mushahwar, FES-assisted Arm and Leg Cycling for the Rehabilitation of Walking After Spinal Cord Injury, 2013 Canadian Spinal Cord Conference, Halifax, May 2013
  
  
• A. Toossi, D.G. Everaert, V.K. Mushahwar, Electrochemically safe electrodes for Intra-Spinal Micro-Stimulation (ISMS) in humans, 14th annual Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference Proceedings, Banff, AB, p. 25,  October 25-27, 2013.
  
  
• R.S. Wong, S.L. Chong, A. Kabore, Y. Kinyogo, R. Zhou, V.K. Mushahwar, Retained Effect of FES-assisted Arm and Leg Cycling after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, 2012 Society for Neuroscience Conference, Louisiana, Nov 2012
  
  
• L.R. Solis, E. Twist, P. Seres, R.B. Thompson, V.K. Mushahwar, Effectiveness of daily use of intermittent electrical stimulation for the prevention of deep  tissue injury, 17th International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Conference Banff, Alberta, Canada,  September 2012
  
  
• R.S. Wong, S.L. Chong, A. Kabore, Y. Kinyogo, R. Zhou, V.K. Mushahwar, FES-assisted leg cycling after incomplete spinal cord injury: what role do the arms play in rehabilitation?, 2012 International Function Electrical Stimulation Society, Banff, Sep 2012.
  
  
• L.R. Solis, A. Liggins, R.E. Uwiera, N. Poppe, E. Pehowich, P. Seres, R.B. Thompson, V.K. Mushahwar, Effects of intermittent electrical stimulation on pressure levels at the bone-muscle interace  for the prevention of deep tissue injury,  11th Alberta Biomedical Engineering Conference Banff, Alberta, Canada, October 2010.
  
  
• L.R. Solis, A. Liggins, R.E. Uwiera, N. Poppe, E. Pehowich, P. Seres, R.B. Thompson, V.K. Mushahwar, Intermittent electrical stimulation produces significant reductions in pressure at deep  bone-muscle interfaces, 4th National Spinal Cord Injury Conference Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, October 2010.