3.2.1 Scaling laws for static models

Parameter

Model / Prototype

Length

1/n

Area

1/n2

Volume

1/n3

Stress

1

Strain

1

Density

1

Gravity

n

Mass

1/n3

Force

1/n2

Time

1/n2

Velocity

n

Concentration

1
n = Scale factor

 

References for sections 3.2.1 through 3.2.6

Siddiquee, M.S.A., Tanaka, T. and Tatsuoka, F. (1992) : A numerical simulation of bearing capacity of footing on sand, Proc. of 27th. Annual Meet. JSSMFE, Vol. 2, pp. 1413-1416.

Ko, H.Y. (1988) : Summary of the state-of-the-art in centrifuge model testing, In Centrifuges in Soil Mechanics (eds Craig, W.H., James, R.G. and Schofield, A.N.), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 11-18.

Taylor, R.N. (1995) : Centrifuges in modelling: principles and scale effects, In Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology (ed Taylor, R.N.), Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow, pp. 19-33.

Phillips, R. (1995) : Centrifuges in modelling: practical consideration, In Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology (ed Taylor, R.N.), Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow, pp. 34-60.