PSYCH 258
Cognitive Psychology
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
Matlin, M. W. (2002). Cognition (5th ed.). Wadsworth.
Payne, D. G., & Wenger, M. J. (1998). Cognitive psychology. Houghton Mifflin.
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Cognitive psychology (3rd ed.). Wadsworth.
Microsoft. (2000). Encarta encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp.
Reber, A. S., & Reber, E. S. (2001). Dictionary of psychology (3rd ed.). Penguin Books, Ltd.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315736174
Stillings, N. A., Feinstein, M. H., Garfield, J. L., Rissland, E. L., Rosenbaum, B., Weisler, S. E., & Baker-Ward, L. (1987). Cognitive science: An introduction. The MIT Press.
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology, Vol. 1. Henry Holt and Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/10538-000
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology, Vol. 2. Henry Holt and Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/11059-000
Donders, F. C. (1969). On the speed of mental processes. (W. G. Koster, Trans.). Acta Psychologica, 30, 412-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(69)90065-1 (Original work published 1868.)
Ebbinghaus, H. (1913). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. (H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius, Trans.). Teachers College Press. (Original work published 1885.)
Tolman, E. C. (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. Century Books.
Lashley, K. S. (1951). The problem of serial order in behavior. In L. A. Jefress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior (pp. 112-146). Wiley.
Chomsky, N. (1959). Reviews: Verbal behavior by B. F. Skinner. Language, 35, 26-58. https://doi.org/10.2307/411334
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Appleton-Century-Crofts. https://doi.org/10.1037/11256-000
Piaget, J. (1926). The language and thought of the child. (M. Warden, Trans.) Harcourt, Brace. (Original work published in 1923.)
Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. W. H. Freeman and Company. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262514620.001.0001
Reed, S. K. (2019, Summer). Building bridges between AI and cognitive psychology. AI Magazine, 40(2), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v40i2.2853
Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2000). Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(5), 645-726. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00003435
Cognitive Neuroscience
Ratiu, P., & Talos, I. F. (2004). The tale of Phineas Gage, digitally remastered. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(23), e21. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm031024
Ratiu, P., Talos, I. F., Haker, S., Lieberman, D., & Everett, P. (2004). The tale of Phineas Gage, digitally remastered. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(5), 637-643. https://doi.org/10.1089/089771504774129964
Damásio, H., Grabowski, T., Frank, R., Galaburda, A. M., & Damásio, A. R. (1994). The return of Phineas Gage: Clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient. Science, 264(5162), 1102-1105. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8178168
Luria, A. R. (1968). The mind of a mnemonist: A little book about a vast memory. (L. Solotaroff, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
Luria, A. R. (1972). The man with a shattered world: The history of a brain wound. (L. Solotaroff, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
Penfield, W., & Jasper, H. H. (1954). Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Little, Brown.
Weisberg, D. S., Keil, F. C., Goodstein, J., Rawson, E., & Gray, J. R. (2008). The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(3), 470-477. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20040
Broca, P. (1865). Sur le siége de la faculté du langage articulé. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Societé d’Anthropologie de Paris, 6(1), 493-494. https://doi.org/10.3406/bmsap.1865.9495
Wernicke, C. (1874). Der Aphasische Symptomencomplex: Eine Psychologische Studie Auf Anatomischer Basis. Cohn and Weigert.
Banich, M. T. (2004). Cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin.
Ge, S., Yang, C. H., Hsu, K. S., Ming, G. L., & Song, H. (2007). A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain. Neuron, 54(4), 559-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.002
Huttenlocher, P. R. (1990). Morphometric study of human cerebral cortex development. Neuropsychologia, 28(6), 517-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-I
Snowdon, D. A., Kemper, S. J., Mortimer, J. A., Greiner, L. H., Wekstein, D. R., & Markesbery, W. R. (1996). Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer’s disease in late life: Findings from the Nun Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275(7), 528-532. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530310034029
Snowdon, D. A., Greiner, L. H., Mortimer, J. A., Riley, K. P., Greiner, P. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (1997). Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease: The Nun Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277(10), 813-817. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540340047031
Snowdon, D. A. (2001). Aging with grace: What the nun study teaches us about leading longer, healthier, and more meaningful lives. Bantam Books.
Riley, K. P., Snowdon, D. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (2002). Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary pathology and the spectrum of cognitive function: Findings from the Nun Study. Annals of Neurology, 51(5), 567-577. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10161
Snowdon, D. A. (2003). Healthy aging and dementia: Findings from the Nun Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(5), 450-454. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-5_part_2-200309021-00014
Tyas, S. L., Salazar, J. C., Snowdon, D. A., Desrosiers, M. F., Riley, K. P., Mendiondo, M. S., & Kryscio, R. J. (2007). Transitions to mild cognitive impairments, dementia, and death: Findings from the Nun Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 165(11), 1231-1238. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwm085
Verified Market Research. (2022, April). Cognitive assessment and training market size and forecast. https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/cognitive-assessment-and-training-market/
Kawashima, R. (2005). Train your brain: 60 days to a better brain. Kumon Publishing North America.
Kramer, A. F., Hahn, S., Cohen, N. J., Banich, M. T., McAuley, E., Harrison, C. R., Chason, J., Vakil, E., Bardell, L., Boileau, R. A., & Colcombe, A. (1999). Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function. Nature, 400(6743), 418-419. https://doi.org/10.1038/22682
Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., White, S. M., Wojcicki, T. R., Mailey, E., Vieira, V. J., Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Woods, J. A., McAuley, E., & Kramer, A. F. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 3017-3022. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015950108
Fakhoury, M., Eid, F., El Ahmad, P., Khoury, R., Mezher, A., El Masri, D., Haddad, Z., Zoghbi, Y., Ghayad, L. M., Sleiman, S. F., & Stephan, J. S. (2022). Exercise and dietary factors mediate neural plasticity through modulation of BDNF signaling. Brain Plasticity, 8(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-220140
Basak, C., Boot, W. R., Voss, M. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults? Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 765-777. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013494
Green, G. S., & Bavelier, D. (2003). Action video game modifies visual selective attention. Nature, 423(6939), 534-537. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01647
Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2007). Action-video-game experience alters the spatial resolution of vision. Psychological Science, 18(1), 88-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01853.x
Bediou, B., Adams, D. M., Mayer, R. E., Tipton, E., Green, C. S., & Bavelier, D. (2018). Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological Bulletin, 144(1), 77-110. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000130
Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D, Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Smith, D. M., Tennstedt, S. L., Unverzagt, F. W., & Willis, S. L. (2002). Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(18), 2271-2281. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.18.2271
Willis, S. L., Tennstedt, S. L., Marsiske, M., Ball, K., Elias, J., Mann Koepke, K., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Unverzagt, F. W., Stoddard, A. M., & Wright, E. (2006). Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(23), 2805-2814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.23.2805
Rebok, G. W., Ball, K., Guey, L. T., Jones, R. N., Kim, H. Y., King, J. W., Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Tennstedt, S. L., Unverzagt, F. W., & Willis, S. L. (2014). Ten-year effects of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly cognitive training trial on cognition and everyday functioning in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12607
Edwards, J. D., Xu, H., Clark, D. O., Guey, L. T., Ross, L. A., & Unverzagt, F. W. (2017). Speed of processing training results in lower risk of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 3(4), 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2017.09.002
Simons, D. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., Gathercole, S. E., Chabris, C. F., Hambrick, D. Z., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2016). Do “brain-training” programs work? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17(3), 103-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983
Shah, T. M., Weinborn, M., Verdile, G., Sohrabi, H. R., Martins, R. N. (2017). Enhancing cognitive functioning in healthly [sic] older adults: A systematic review of the clinical significance of commercially available computerized cognitive training in preventing cognitive decline. Neuropsychology Review, 27(1), 62-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9338-9
Makin, T. R., & Krakauer, J. W. (2023). Against cortical reorganisation. eLife, 12, Article e84716. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.84716
Perception
Ashcraft, M. H. (2002). Cognition (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Biederman, I., Mezzanotte, R. J., Rabinowitz, J. C., Francolini, C. M., & Plude, D. (1981). Detecting the unexpected in photointerpretation. Human Factors, 23(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088102300203
Biederman, I. (1981). On the semantics of a glance at a scene. In M. Kubovy & J. R. Pomerantz (Eds.), Perceptual organization (pp. 213-255). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315512372-8
Palmer, S. E. (1975). The effects of contextual scenes on the identification of objects. Memory and Cognition, 3(5), 519-526. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03197524
Coren, S., Porac, C., & Ward, L. M. (1978). Sensation and perception (International Ed.). Academic Press.
Wertheimer, M. (1912/1961). Experimentelle Studien über das Sehen von Bewegung. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 61(1), 161-265. Reprinted and translated as Wertheimer, M. (1961). Experimental studies on the seeing of motion. In T. Shipley (Ed. and Trans.), Classics in psychology (pp. 1032-1089). Philosophical Library.
Rubin, E. (1915). Synoplevede Figurer. Gyldendalske.
Selfridge, O. G. (1959). Pandemonium: A paradigm for learning. In D. V. Blake & A. M. Uttley (Eds.), Proceedings of the symposium on mechanisation of thought processes (pp. 511-527). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962). Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat’s visual cortex. Journal of Physiology, 160(1), 106-154. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837
Gibson, E. J., Schapiro, F., & Yonas, A. (1968). Confusion matrices for graphic patterns obtained with a latency measure: A program of basic and applied research. In H. Levin, E. J. Gibson, & J. J. Gibson (Eds.), The analysis of reading skill: A program of basic and applied research (pp. 237-253). U.S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare.
Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition-by-Components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94(2), 115-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.115
Reicher, G.M. (1969). Perceptual recognition as a function of the meaningfulness of the stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(2), 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027768
McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88(5), 375-407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.88.5.375
Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1982). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: II. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model. Psychological Review, 89(1), 60-94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.89.1.60
Freud, S. (1953). On aphasia: A critical study (E. Stengel, Trans.). International Universities Press. (Original work published 1891)
Lissauer, H. (1890). Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrage zur Theorie derselben. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 21(2), 222-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02226765
Lissauer, H., & Jackson, M. (1988). A case of visual agnosia with a contribution to theory. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5(2), 157-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643298808252932
Sacks, O. (1970). The man who mistook his wife for a hat. Harper & Row.
Farah, M. J. (2004). Visual agnosia (2nd ed.). The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7122.001.0001
Tyler, H. R. (1968). Abnormalities of perception with defective eye movements (Bálint’s syndrome). Cortex, 4(2), 154-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(68)80028-0
Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behaviour (pp. 549-580). The MIT Press.
Milner, A. D., & Goodale, M. A. (1996). The visual brain in action (Reprint ed.). Oxford University Press.
Attention
Spelke, E., Hirst, W., & Neisser, U. (1976). Skills of divided attention. Cognition, 4(3), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(76)90018-4
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84(1), 1-66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1
Rubinstein, J. S., Meyer, D. E., & Evans, J. E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27(4), 763-797. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.27.4.763
Ophir, E., Nass, C., & Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583-15587. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903620106
Just, M. A., Carpenter, P. A., Keller, T. A., Emery, L., Zajac, H., & Thulborn, K. R. (2001). Interdependence of nonoverlapping cortical systems in dual cognitive tasks. NeuroImage, 14(2), 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2001.0826
Dux, P. E., Tombu, M. N., Harrison, S., Rogers, B. P., Tong, F., & Marois, R. (2009). Training improves multitasking performance by increasing the speed of information processing in human prefrontal cortex. Neuron, 63(1), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.005
Foerde, K., Knowlton, B. J., & Poldrack, R. A. (2006). Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(31), 11778-11783. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602659103
Cherry, E. C. (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25(5), 975-979. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1907229
Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. Pergamon Press.
Moray, N. (1959). Attention in dichotic listening: Affective cues and the influence of instructions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 11(1), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215908416289
Gray, J. A., & Wedderburn, A. A. I. (1960). Grouping strategies with simultaneous stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216008416722
Treisman, A. M. (1960). Contextual cues in selective listening. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(4), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216008416732
Treisman, A. M. (1964). Selective attention in man. British Medical Bulletin, 20(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070274
MacKay, D. G. (1973). Aspects of the theory of comprehension, memory, and attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640747308400320
Deutsch, J. A., & Deutsch, D. (1963). Attention: Some theoretical considerations. Psychological Review, 70(1), 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0039515
Norman, D. A. (1968). Toward a theory of memory and attention. Psychological Review, 75(6), 522-536. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026699
Johnston, W. A., & Wilson, J. (1980). Perceptual processing of nontargets in an attention task. Memory & Cognition, 8(4), 372-377. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03198277
Johnston, W. A., & Heinz, S. P. (1978). Flexibility and capacity demands of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 107(4), 420-435. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.107.4.420
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Prentice-Hall.
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18(5), 459-482. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.920180503
Treisman, A. (1986). Properties, parts and objects. In K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, & J. P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of perception and human performance, Vol. 2. Cognitive processes and performance (pp. 1-70). John Wiley & Sons.
Treisman, A. M., & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature-integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12(1), 97-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(80)90005-5
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651
Treisman, A., & Souther, J. (1985). Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive processing of separable features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114(3), 285-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.114.3.285
Wolfe, J. M., Horowitz, T. S., & Kenner, N. M. (2005). Rare items often missed in visual searches. Nature, 435(7041), 439-440. https://doi.org/10.1038/435439a
Wolfe, J. M., & Van Wert, M. J. (2010). Varying target prevalence reveals two dissociable decision criteria in visual search. Current Biology, 20(2), 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.066
Mack, A., & Rock, I. (1998). Inattentional blindness. The MIT Press.
Neisser, U. (1979). The control of information pickup in selective looking. In A. D. Pick (Ed.), Perception and its development: A tribute to Eleanor Gibson (pp. 201-219). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315787114-10
Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1068/p2952
Weingarten, G. (2007, April 8). Pearls before breakfast. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/pearls-before-breakfast-can-one-of-the-nations-great-musicians-cut-through-the-fog-of-a-dc-rush-hour-lets-find-out/2014/09/23/8a6d46da-4331-11e4-b47c-f5889e061e5f_story.html
Shapiro, K. L., Arnell, K. M., & Raymond, J. E. (1997). The attentional blink. Trends in Cognitive Science, 1(8), 291-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(97)01094-2
Levin, D. T., & Simons, D. J. (1997). Failure to detect changes to attended objects in motion pictures. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4(4), 501-506. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03214339
Simons, D. J., & Levin, D. T. (1998). Failure to detect changes to people during a real-world interaction. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5(4), 644-649. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03208840
Short-Term & Working Memory
Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: II. Advances in research and theory (pp. 89-195). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60422-3
Atkinson, R. C. & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). The control processes of short-term memory. Technical report 173. Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences. https://web.stanford.edu/group/csli-suppes/techreports/IMSSS_173.pdf
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology, Vol. 1. Henry Holt and Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/10538-000
Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74(11), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093759
Darwin, C. T., Turvey, M. T., & Crowder, R. G. (1972). An auditory analogue of the Sperling partial report procedure: Evidence for brief auditory storage. Cognitive Psychology, 3(2), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(72)90007-2
Miller, G. E. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158
Baddeley, A. D. (1994). The magical number seven: Still magic after all these years? Psychological Review, 101(2), 353-356. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.353
Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87-185. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01003922
Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4(1), 55-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90004-2
Chase, W.G., & Simon, H.A. (1973). The mind’s eye in chess. In W. G. Chase (Ed.), Visual information processing (pp.215-281). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-170150-5.50011-1
Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1981). Skilled memory. In J. R. Anderson (Ed.), Cognitive skills and their acquisition (pp. 151-199). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203728178-10
Peterson, L. R., & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short-term retention of individual verbal items. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(3), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0049234
Brown, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470215808416249
Keppel, G., & Underwood, B. J. (1962). Proactive inhibition in short-term retention of single items. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1(3), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(62)80023-1
Waugh, N. C., & Norman, D. A. (1965). Primary memory. Psychological Review, 72(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021797
Barnes, J. M., & Underwood, B. J. (1959). “Fate” of first-list associates in transfer theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(2), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047507
Wickens, D. D., Born, D. G., & Allen, C. K. (1963). Proactive inhibition and item similarity in short-term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 2(5-6), 440-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(63)80045-6
Conrad, R. (1964). Acoustic confusions in immediate memory. British Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 75-84.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1964.tb00899.x
Naveh-Benjamin, M., & Ayres, T. J. (1986). Digit span, reading rate, and linguistic relativity. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 38(4), 739-751. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640748608401623
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Long-Term Memory Structure
Glanzer, M., & Cunitz, A. R. (1966). Two storage mechanisms in free recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5(4), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(66)80044-0
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Long-Term Memory Processes
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x
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Mandler, G. (1979). Organization and repetition: Organizational principles with special reference to rote learning. In L. G. Nillson (Ed.), Perspectives on memory research (pp. 293-327). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving. E., (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104(3), 268-294. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268
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Kapur, S., Craik, F. I. M., Tulving, E., Wilson, A. A., Houle, S., & Brown, G. M. (1994). Neuroanatomical correlates of encoding in episodic memory: Levels of processing and effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 91(6), 2008-2011. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.6.2008
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Mäntylä, T. (1986). Optimizing cue effectiveness: Recall of 500 and 600 incidentally learned words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 12(1), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.66
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Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 359-380. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020071
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Ebbinghaus, H. (1913). Über das Gedächtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie. (H. A. Ruber & C. E. Bussenius, Trans.). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. Teachers College Press. (Original work published 1855)
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Siegel, J. M. (2001). The REM sleep-memory consolidation hypothesis. Science, 294(5544), 1058-1063. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063049
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Hawkins, R. D., & Kandel, E. R. (1984). Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning? Psychological Review, 91(3), 375-391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.91.3.375
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Everyday Memory & Memory Errors
Rabinowitz, F. M., & Andrews, S. S. R. (1973). Intentional and incidental learning in children and the von Restorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 100(2), 315-318. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035684
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Bohannon, J.N., & Schmidt, S. (1989, March). Another look at flashbulb memories for the Challenger disaster. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta, GA.
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Hyman Jr., I. E., & Billings, F. J. (1998). Individual differences and the creation of false childhood memories. Memory, 6(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/741941598
Porter, S., Yuille, J. C., & Lehman, D. R. (1999). The nature of real, implanted, and fabricated memories for emotional childhood events: Implications for the recovered memory debate. Law and Human Behavior, 23(5), 517-537. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022344128649
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The Innocence Project. (2024). Explore the numbers: Innocence Project’s impact.. https://innocenceproject.org/exonerations-data/
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Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1991). Witness for the defense: The accused, the eyewitness, and the expert who puts memory on trial. St. Martin’s Press.
Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(74)80011-3
Johnson, M.K . (1991). Reality monitoring: Evidence from confabulation in organic brain disease patients. In G. P. Prigatano & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues (pp. 176-197). Oxford University Press.
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McGuire, W. J. (1961). Resistance to persuasion conferred by active and passive prior refutation of same and alternative counterarguments. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 63(2), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048344
Jolley, D., & Douglas, K. M. (2017). Prevention is better than cure: Addressing anti-vaccine conspiracy theories. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(8), 459-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12453
van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Rosenthal, S., & Maibach, E. (2017). Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change. Global Challenges, 1(2), Article 1600008. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201600008
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Bower, G. H., Black, J. B., & Turner, T. J. (1979). Scripts in memory for text. Cognitive Psychology, 11(2), 177-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(79)90009-4
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Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering: An experimental and social study. Cambridge University Press.
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Knowledge
Matlin, M. W. (2002). Cognition (5th ed.). Wadsworth.
Bruner, J. S., Goodnow, J. J., & Austin, G. A. (1956). A study of thinking. Wiley.
Rosch, E. H. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 4(3), 328-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90017-0
Johnson, K. E., & Mervis, C. B. (1997). Effects of varying levels of expertise on the basic level of categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126(3), 248-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.126.3.248
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Kosslyn, S. M., Alpert, N. M., & Thompson, W. L. (1995). Identifying objects at different levels of hierarchy: A positron emission tomography study. Human Brain Mapping, 3(2), 107-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.460030207
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Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 8(2), 240-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(69)80069-1
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Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1976). Meaning, memory structure, and mental processes. Science, 192(4234), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1257753
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Imagery & Propositions
Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Cognitive psychology (3rd ed.). Wadsworth.
Shepard, R., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171(3972), 701-703. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3972.701
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Kosslyn, S. M. (1975). Information representation in visual images. Cognitive Psychology, 7(3), 341-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(75)90015-8
Kosslyn, S. M., Ball, T. M., & Reiser, B. J. (1978). Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4(1), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.4.1.47
Kosslyn, S. M. (1980). Image and mind. Harvard University Press.
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Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1973). What the mind’s eye tells the mind’s brain: A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 80(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034650
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Slezak, P. (1995). The “philosophical” case against visual imagery. In P. Slezak, T. Caelli, & R. Clark (Eds.), Perspectives on cognitive science: Theories, experiments and foundations (pp. 237-271). Ablex Publishing Corporation.
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Tversky, B. (1993). Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models. In A.U. Frank & I. Campari (Eds.), Spatial information theory: A theoretical basis for GIS (pp. 14-24). Springer-Verlag.
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Haber, R.N., & Haber, L.R. (1988). The characteristics of eidetic imagery. In D. Fein & L.K. Obler (Eds.), The exceptional brain (pp. 218-241). The Guilford Press.
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Problem Solving, Expertise, & Creativity
Greeno, J. G. (1978). Natures of problem solving abilities. In W. K. Estes (Ed.), Handbook of learning and cognitive processes, Vol. 5: Human information processing (pp. 239-269). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Prentice-Hall.
Newell, A., Shaw, J. C., Simon, H. A. (1959). Report on a general problem-solving program. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Processing, 256-264.
Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving (L. S. Lees, Trans.). Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i-113.
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Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Addison-Wesley.
Langer, E. J., & Piper, A. I. (1987). The prevention of mindlessness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 280-287. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.280
Luchins, A.S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54(6), i-95. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093502
Adams, J. L. (2019). Conceptual blockbusting: A guide to better ideas (5th ed.). Basic Books.
Feather, N. T. (1966). Effects of prior success and failure on expectations of success and subsequent performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(3), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022965
Smith, S. M., & Blankenship, S. E. (1989). Incubation effects. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(4), 311-314. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03334612
Dijksterhuis, A., & Nordgren, L. F. (2006). A theory of unconscious thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00007.x
Dijksterhuis, A. (2006). Think different: The merits of unconscious thought in preference development and decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(5), 586-598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.586
Newell, B. R. (2015). “Wait! Just let me not think about that for a minute”: What role do implicit processes play in higher level cognition? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 65-70. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0963721414551958
Nieuwenstein, M. R., Wierenga, T., Morey, R. D., Wicherts, J. M., Blom, T. N., Wagenmakers, E.-J., & van Rijn, H. (2015). On making the right choice: A meta-analysis and large-scale replication attempt of the unconscious thought advantage. Judgment and Decision Making, 10(1), 1-17. http://journal.sjdm.org/14/14321/jdm14321.html
Köhler, W. (1927). The mentality of apes. Harcourt Brace.
Metcalfe, J. (1986). Feeling of knowing in memory and problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 12(2), 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.2.288
Davidson, J. E., & Sternberg, R. J. (1984). The role of insight in intellectual giftedness. Gifted Child Quarterly, 28(2), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/001698628402800203
Schooler, L. W., Ohlsson, S., & Brooks, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words: When language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122(2), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.166
Norman, G. R., Brooks, L. R., & Allen, S. W. (1989). Recall by expert medical practitioners as a record of processing attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 15(6), 1166-1174. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.15.6.1166
Eylon, B., & Reif, R. (1984). Effects of knowledge organization on task performance. Cognition and Instruction, 1(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0101_2
Sweller, J., Mawer, R. F., & Ward, M. R. (1983). Development of expertise in mathematical problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 112(4), 639-661. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.112.4.639
Greeno, J. G. (1974). Processes of Learning and Comprehension. In L.W. Greg (Ed.), Knowledge and cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press.
Anderson, J. R. (1988). The expert module. In M. Polson & J. Richardson (Eds.), Handbook of intelligent training systems (pp. 21-53). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ericsson, K. A., & Pool, R. (2016). Peak: Secrets from the new science of expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49(8), 725-747. https://doi.org/0.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725
Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. Little, Brown and Company.
Macnamara, B. N., Hambrick, D. Z., & Oswald, F. L. (2014). Deliberate practice and performance in music, games, sports, education, and professions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Science, 25(8), 1608-1618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614535810
Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. Franklin Watts.
Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill.
Mednick, S. A., & Mednick, M. T. (1967). Examiner’s manual: Remote Associates Test. Houghton Mifflin.
Amabile, T. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. Springer-Verlag.
Roe, A. (1953). The making of a scientist. Dodd, Mead.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. Harper Perennial.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. Free Press.
Gardner, H. (2011a). Creating minds: An anatomy of creativity seen through the lives of Freud, Einstein, Picasso, Stravinsky, Eliot, Graham, and Ghandi. Basic Books.
Reasoning & Decision Making
Reed, S. K. (2004). Cognition: Theory and applications (6th ed.) Wadsworth/Thomson.
Anderson, J. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and its implications (4th ed.). W. H. Freeman.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-291. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
Tversky, A, & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453-458. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7455683
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39(4), 341-350.https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.39.4.341
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3(3), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9
Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischoff, B., Layman, M., & Combs, B. (1978). Judged frequency of lethal events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 551-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.551
Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1982). Facts versus fears: Understanding perceived risk. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 463-490). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511809477.034
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1977). Knowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3(4), 552-564. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.3.4.552
Chabris, C. F., Benjamin, D. J., & Simons, D. J. (2014). Overconfidence and the unskilled-but-unaware effect despite precise and accurate information about one’s skill: A study of tournament chess players. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Economics Association, Evanston, IL, 21-23 March.
Fischhoff, B., & Beyth, R. (1975). “I knew it would happen”: Remembered probabilities of once-future things. Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, 13(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(75)90002-1
Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411-426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612454303
Chapman, L. (1967). Illusory correlation in observational report. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6(1), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80066-5
Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216008416717
Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology (pp. 135-151). Penguin.
Griggs, R. A., & Cox, J. R. (1982). The elusive thematic-materials effect in Wason’s selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 73(3), 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1982.tb01823.x
Fong, G. T., Krantz, D. H., & Nisbett, R. E. (1986). The effects of statistical training on thinking about everyday problems. Cognitive Psychology, 18(3), 253-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(86)90001-0
Mill, D., Gray, T., & Mandel, D. (1994). Influence of research methods and statistics courses on everyday reasoning, critical abilities, and belief in unsubstantiated phenomena. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 26(2), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.1037/0008-400x.26.2.246
Damer, E. T. (2012). Attacking faulty reasoning: A practical guide to fallacy-free arguments (7th ed.). Wadsworth.
Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 995-1006. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.995
Iyengar, S. S., Wells, R. E., & Schwartz, B. (2006). Doing better but feeling worse: Looking for the “best” job undermines satisfaction. Psychological Science, 17(2), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01677.x
Schwartz, B. (2004, April). The tyranny of choice. Scientific American, 290(4), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0404-70
Schwartz, B. (2016). The paradox of choice: Why more is less (Revised ed.). HarperCollins.
Human Intelligence
Sternberg, R. J. (1998). How intelligent is intelligence testing? In P. M. Yam (Ed.), Scientific American Presents: Exploring intelligence, 9(4), 12-17).
Boring, E. G. (1923, June 6). Intelligence as the tests test it. New Republic, 36, 35-37.
Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1916). New methods for the diagnosis of the intellectual level of subnormals. (L’Année Psychologique, 1905, pp. 191-244). In A. Binet, T. Simon & E. S. Kite (Trans.), The development of intelligence in children (The Binet-Simon Scale) (pp. 37-90). Williams & Wilkins Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/11069-002
Terman, L. M. (1916). The measurement of intelligence. Houghton Mifflin.
Stern, W. (1912). Psychologische Methoden der Intelligenz-Prüfung. Leipzig, Germany: Barth.
Wechsler, D. (1939). The measurement of adult intelligence. Williams & Wilkins Co.
Cattell, J. M. (1890). Mental tests and measurements. Mind, os-XV(59), 373-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/os-xv.59.373
The Chitling test. (1967, December 16). The New Republic, 157(25), 7.
Dove, A. (1968). The “Chitling” Test. In L. R. Aiken, Jr. (1971). Psychological and educational testings. Allyn and Bacon.
Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 171-191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171
Flynn, J. R. (2000). IQ trends over time: Intelligence, race and meritocracy. In S. Durlauf, K.A. Arrow, & S. Bowles (Eds.), Meritocracy and economic inequality (pp.35-60). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691190334-005
Flynn, J. R. (2007, October). Solving the IQ puzzle. Scientific American Mind, 18(5), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind1007-24
Dickens, W. T., & Flynn, J. R. (2001). Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: The IQ paradox resolved. Psychological Review, 108(2), 346-369. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.108.2.346
Spearman, C. (1927). The abilities of man. Macmillan.
Gardner, H. (2008). A multiplicity of intelligences. In P. Mariën & J. Abutalebi (Eds.), Neuropsychological research: A review (pp. 26-32). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203938904-10
Gardner, H. (2011b). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences (3rd ed.). Basic Books.
Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(3), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x
Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
Terman, L. M., Baldwin, B. T., Bronson, E., DeVoss, J. C., Fuller, F., Goodenough, F. L., Kelley, T. L., Lima, M., Marshall, H., Moore, A. H., Raubenheimer, A. S., Ruch, G. M., Willoughby, R. L., Wyman, J. B., & Yates, D. H. (1925). Genetic studies of genius, volume 1: Mental and physical traits of a thousand gifted children. Stanford University Press.
Cox, C. M. (1926). Genetic studies of genius, volume II: The early mental traits of three hundred geniuses. Stanford University Press.
Burks, B. S., Jensen, D. W., & Terman, L. M. (1930). Genetic studies of genius, volume III: The promise of youth: Follow-up studies of a thousand gifted children. Stanford University Press.
Terman, L. M., & Oden, M. (1947). Genetic studies of genius, volume IV: The gifted child grows up: Twenty-five years’ follow-up of a superior group. Stanford University Press.
Terman, L. M., & Oden, M. (1959). Genetic studies of genius, volume V: The gifted group at mid-life: Thirty-five years’ follow-up of the superior child. Stanford University Press.
Oden, M. L. (1968). The fulfillment of promise: 40-year follow-up of the Terman gifted group. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 77(1), 3-93.
Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological Science, 16(12), 939-944. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01641.x
Artificial Intelligence
Palfreman, J., & Swade, D. (1991). The dream machine: Exploring the computer age. BBC Books.
Kurzweil, R. (1992). The age of intelligent machines. The MIT Press.
von Neumann, John. (1945, June 30). First draft of a report on the EDVAC (Contract No. W-670-ORD-492), Moore School of Electrical Engineering, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania. Reprinted (in part) in B. Randell (1982). Origins of digital computers: Selected papers, (pp. 383-392), Springer-Verlag.
Eckert, J. P., & Mauchly, J. (1946). Outline of plans for development of electronic computers. Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation.
Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, LIX(236), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/lix.236.433
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1956). The logic theory machine -- A complex information processing system. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 2(3), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1109/tit.1956.1056797
Weizenbaum, J. (1966). Eliza -- A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 9(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1145/365153.365168
Racter, Chamberlain, W., & Etter, T. (1984). The policeman’s beard is half constructed. Warner Books.
Moravec, H. (1988). Mind children: The future of robot and human intelligence. Harvard University Press.
Dreyfus, H. (1972). What computers can’t do: A critique of artificial reason. Freeman.
Lighthill, J. (1972). Artificial intelligence: Report to the Science Research Council. Science Research Council.
Shortliffe, E. H., Axline, S. G., Buchanan, B. G., Merigan, T. C., & Cohen, S. N. (1973). An artificial intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy. Computing Biomedical Research, 6(6), 544-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4809(73)90029-3
Yu, V. L., Fagan, L. M., Wraith, S. M., Clancey, W., Scott, A. C., Hannigan, J., Blum, R., Buchanan, B., & Cohen, S. (1979). Antimicrobial selection by computer: A blinded evaluation by infectious disease experts. Journal of the American Medical Association, 242(12), 1279-1282. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding: An inquiry into human knowledge structures. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. Reprinted in P. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision. McGraw-Hill. (Original work published 1974)
Lenat, D. (1984, September). Computer software for intelligent systems. Scientific American, 251(3), 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0984-204
Lenat, D. (2017, July 2). Sometimes the veneer of intelligence is not enough. Cognitive World. https://cognitiveworld.com/articles/sometimes-veneer-intelligence-not-enough
Rosenblatt, F. (1958). The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychological Review, 65(6), 386-408. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042519
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2012). ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Communications of the ACM, 60(6), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.1145/3065386
Le, Q. V., Ranzato, M. A., Monga, R., Devin, M., Chen, K., Corrado, G. S., Dean, J., & Ng, A. Y. (2012). Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Machine Learning., 81-88. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6639343
Chilimbi, C., Suzue, Y., Apacible, J., & Kalyanaraman, K. (2014). Project Adam: Building an efficient and scalable deep learning training system. Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, 571-582. https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi14/technical-sessions/presentation/chilimbi
Urban, T. (2015, January 22). The AI Revolution: The Road to Superintelligence. Wait but why. https://waitbutwhy.com/2015/01/artificial-intelligence-revolution-1.html
Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford University Press.
Bostrom, N. (2006). How long before superintelligence? Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, 5, 11-30. https://www.addletonacademicpublishers.com/106-linguistic-and-philosophical-investigations/volume-5-1-2006/204-how-long-before-superintelligence
Searle, J. (1980). Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00005756
Kurzweil, R. (1999). The age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. Viking Press.
Kurzweil, R. (2005). The singularity is near: When humans transcend biology. Viking Press.
Dijkstra, E. W. (1984). The threats to computing science. ACM 1984 South Central Regional Conference, November 16-18, Austin, Texas. https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/transcriptions/EWD08xx/EWD898.html
Applied Cognitive Psychology
Tenner, E. (1996). Why things bite back: Technology and the revenge of unintended consequences. Knopf.
Jastrzębowski, W. (1857). An outline of ergonomics, or the science of work based upon the truths drawn from the science of nature: Part I. Nature and Industry, 29, 227-231.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. (2001). Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Directory and Yearbook, 2001-2002. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Council of Canadian Academies. (2019). When antibiotics fail: The expert panel on the potential socio-economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance in Canada. https://cca-reports.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/When-Antibiotics-Fail-1.pdf
Levy, S. B. (1998, March). The challenge of antibiotic resistance. Scientific American, 278(3), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0398-46
Nicolaou, K. C., & Boddy, C. N. C. (2001, May). Behind enemy lines. Scientific American, 284(5), 46-53.https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0501-54
National Information Program on Antibiotics. (1996). http://www.antibiotics-info.org/
Alberta Health Services. (2000). Do bugs need drugs? https://dobugsneeddrugs.org/
Government of Canada. (2011). Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS): Annual Report 2008. Public Health Agency of Canada. https://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/2008/pdf/cipars-picra-2008-eng.pdf
Public Health England, Department of Health. (2015). Behaviour change and antibiotic prescribing in healthcare settings: Literature review and behavioural analysis. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/774129/Behaviour_Change_for_Antibiotic_Prescribing_-_FINAL.pdf
Landauer, T. K. (2003). Relations between cognitive psychology and computer system design. In J. M. Carroll (Ed), Interfacing thought: Cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction (pp. 1-25). The MIT Press.
Kadir, B. A., Broberg, O., & Souza da Conceição, C. (2019). Current research and future perspectives on human factors and ergonomics in Industry 4.0. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 137, Article 106004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.106004