PSYCO 104
Basic Psychological Processes
Introduction to Psychology
Bell, V. (2013, March 3). Our brains, and how they’re not as simple as we think. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2013/mar/03/brain-not-simple-folk-neuroscience
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Beyerstein, B. L. (1999). Whence cometh the myth that we only use 10% of our brains? In S. Della Salla (Ed.), Mind myths: Exploring popular assumptions about the mind and brain (pp. 3-24). Wiley.
James, W. (1907). The energies of men. Science, 25, 321-332. doi:10.1126/science.25.635.321
Lashley, K.S. (1935). Studies of cerebral function in learning: XI. The behavior of the rat in latch-box situations. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 11, 1-42.
Colman, A. M. (2015). A dictionary of psychology (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wolff, C. (1732/2010). Psychologia Empirica Methodo Scientifica Pertractata. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.
Stafford, T., & Webb, M. (2004). Mind hacks: Tips and tricks for using your brain. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media.
Eagleman, D. (2007, August). 10 unsolved mysteries of the brain. Discover, 54-59, 75.
James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Originally published in 1890.
Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. Translated by A. A. Brill (1913). Originally published in New York by Macmillan.
Skinner, B.F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Knopf.
Rogers, C.R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
American Psychological Association. (2010). 2009: APA Member Profiles. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from: http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/09-member/index.aspx?tab=2
Robinson, F.P. (1978). Effective study (6th ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
Walter, T.L., Siebert, A., & Smith, L.N. (1999). Student success: How to succeed in college and still have time for your friends (8th ed.). Cambridge, MA: International Thomson Publishing.
Psychology and Research
Mooney, C., & Kirshenbaum, S. (2010). Unscientific America: How scientific illiteracy threatens our future. New York: Basic Books.
Myers, D.G. (1998). Psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
Doyle, A.C. (1890, February). The sign of the four. Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, 45, 145-223. [Holmes quote; p.172]
Miller, W. (1955, May 2). Death of a genius. Life, 38(18), 61-64. [Einstein quote; p.64]
Suplee, C. (1996). Everyday science explained. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
Slovic, P., & Fischhoff, B. (1977). On the psychology of experimental surprises. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 544-551.
Wason, P.C. (1966). Reasoning. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), New Horizons in Psychology (pp. 135-151). Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
Daniels, G. S. (1952). The “average man”? Technical Note WCRD 53-7. Wright Patterson A.F.B., Ohio: Wright Air Development Center.
Neuroscience and Behaviour
Penfield, W., & Jasper, H. (1954). Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Boston: Little Brown.
Jellinek. (n.d.). How the brain works. Retrieved from https://drugsindehersenen.jellinek.nl/en/brain/how-the-brain-works-en/
Weisberg, D.S., Keil, F.C., Goodstein, J., Rawson, E., & Gray, J.R. (2008). The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 470-477.
McCabe, D.P., & Castel, A.D. (2008). Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. Cognition, 107, 343-352.
Sperry, R.W. (1970). Perception in the absence of neocortical commissures. Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, Perception and Its Disorders. New York, NY: Williams & Wilkins.
Goldstein, K. (1908). Zur Lehre von der motorischen Apraxie [On the doctrine of the motor apraxia]. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie, 11, 169-187, 270-283.
Diamond, M.C., Krech, D., & Rosenzweig, M.R. (1964). The effects of an enriched environment on the rat cerebral cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 123, 111-119.
Maguire, E.A., Gadian, D.G., Johnsrude, I.S., Good, C.D., Ashburner, J., Frackowiak, R.S., & Frith, C.D. (2000). Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 4398-4403.
Maguire E. A., Woollett, K., & Spiers, H. J. (2006). London taxi drivers and bus drivers: A structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis. Hippocampus, 16, 1091-1101.
Woollett, K., & Maguire E.A. (2011). Acquiring "the Knowledge" of London’s layout drives structural brain changes. Current Biology, 21, 2109-2114. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.018
Haier, R.J., Karama, S., Leyba, L., & Jung, R.E. (2009). MRI assessment of cortical thickness and functional activity changes in adolescent girls following three months of practice on a visual-spatial task. BMC Research Notes, 2, 174-180.
Evolutionary & Genetic Influences on Behaviour
Gray, P. (2002). Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.
Mendel, G. (1865). Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden. Verh. Naturfosch. Ver. Brunn, Vol. 4, 3-47.
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London, UK: John Murray.
Spencer, H. (1864). Principles of biology (vol. 1). London: Williams and Norgate.
Behe, M. (1996). Darwin’s black box: The biochemical challenge to evolution. New York: The Free Press.
Paley, W. (1802). Natural theology: Or evidences of the existence and attributes of the Deity; Collected from the appearances of nature. Philadelphia, PA: John Morgan.
Dawkins, R. (1996). The blind watchmaker: Why the evidence of evolution reveals a universe without design. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, 400 F. Supp. 2d 707 (W.D. Pa. 2005).
Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods in ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20, 410-433.
Tinbergen, N. (1952, December). The curious behaviour of the stickleback. Scientific American, 187(6), 22-26. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1252-22
Marler, P. (1970). A comparative approach to vocal learning. Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 7, 1-25.
Duchenne de Boulogne, G.B. (1862/1990). The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression (R. Andrew Cuthbertson, Ed. and Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1862)
Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York: D. Appleton and Company.
Ekman, P. (1992). Facial expression of emotion. Psychological Science, 1, 34-37.
van Hooff, J.A.R.A.M. (1972). A comparative approach to the phylogeny of laughter and smiling. In R.A. Hinde (Ed.), Non-verbal communication (pp. 209-242). New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, E.O. (1975). Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
Trivers, R.L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136–179). Chicago, IL: Aldine-Atherton.
Todd, P.M., Penske, L., Fasolo, B., & Lenton, A.P. (2007). Different cognitive processes underlie human mate choices and mate preferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 15011-15016.
Sensation
Murphy, S.T., & Zajonc, R.B. (1993). Affect, cognition and awareness: Affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 723-739.
“Phone now,” said CBC subliminally--but nobody did. (1958, February 10). Advertising Age p.8.
Weber, E.H. (1834). De pulen, resroptione, auditu et tactu: Annotationes anatomicae et physiologicae. Leipzig: Koehler.
Fechner, G.T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Hartel. (English translation of Vol. 1 by H.ER. Adler (1966). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.)
Stevens, S.S. (1961). The psychophysics of sensory function. In W.A. Rosenblith (Ed.), Sensory communication (pp. 1-33). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Tanner, W.P., & Swets, J.A. (1954). A decision-making theory of visual detection. Psychological Review, 61, 401-409.
Hubel, D.H., & Wiesel, T. (1979, September). Brain mechanisms of vision. Scientific American, 241(3), 150-162.
Young, T. (1802). On the theory of light and colors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 91, 12-49.
von Helmholtz, H. (1852). On the theory of compound colours. Philosophical Magazine, Serial 4, 519-535.
von Helmholtz, H. (1860). Handbuch der physiologischen Optik, volume II. Leipzig: Leopold Voss.
Hering, E. (1878). Zur Lehre vom Lichtsinne. Vienna, Austria: Gerold.
Albers, J. (1975). The interaction of color (revised pocket edition). (Plate VI-3). New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
von Helmholtz, H. (1863). Über die normalen Bewegungen des menschlichen Auges. Arch. Ophtalmol IX, 153-214.
von Békésy, G. (1957, August). The ear. Scientific American, 66-78.
Rutherford, W.A. (1886). A new theory of hearing. Journal of Anatomical Physiology, 21, 166-168.
Wever, E.G., & Bray, C.W. (1937). The perception of low tones and the resonance-volley theory. J. Psychol., 3, 101-114.
Bushdid, C., Magnasco, M. O., Vosshall, L. B., & Keller, A. (2014). Humans can discriminate more than 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. Science, 343, 1370-1372.
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150, 971-979. doi:10.1126/science.150.3699.971
Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1982). The challenge of pain. New York: NY: Basic Books.
Melzack, R. (1989). Phantom limbs, the self and the brain. Canadian Psychology, 30, 1-16.
Melzack, R. (2001). Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain. Journal of Dental Education, 65, 1378-1382.
Perception
Bradley, D.R., & Petry, H.M. (1977). Organizational determinants of subjective contour: The Subjective Necker Cube. The American Journal of Psychology, 90, 253-262.
Bradley, D.R., Dumais, S.T., & Petry, H.M. (1976). Reply to Cavonius. Nature, 261, 78.
Strayer, D.L., Drews, F.A., & Crouch, D.J. (2003). Fatal distraction? A comparison of the cell-phone driver and the drunk driver. In D.V. McGehee, J.D. Lee, & M. Rizzo (Eds.), Driving Assessment 2003: International Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design. Published by the Public Policy Center, University of Iowa (pp. 25-30). Retrieved from http://www.psych.utah.edu/AppliedCognitionLab/DrivingAssessment2003.pdf
González, V.M., & Mark, G. (2004). “Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness”: Managing multiple working spheres. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems. Vienna, Austria. April, 2004.
Iqbal, S.T., & Horvitz, E. (2007). Disruption and recovery of computing tasks: Field study, analysis, and directions. Proceedings of CHI 2007. San Jose, California, April 2007.
Dean, D., & Webb, C. (2011, January). Recovering from information overload. McKinsey Quarterly, 80-88.
Rubin, E. (1915). Synoplevede Figurer. Copenhagen, Denmark: Gyldendalske.
Biederman, I. (1987). Recognition by components: A theory of human image understanding. Psychological Review, 94, 115-147.
Biederman, I. (1981). On the semantics of a glance at a scene. In M. Kubovy & J. Pomerantz (Eds.), Perceptual organization (pp. 213-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gregory, R.L. (1968). Visual illusions. Scientific American, 219 (5), 66-76.
Kraft, C.L., & Elworth, C.L. (1969). Night visual approaches. Boeing Airliner, Mar-Apr, 2-4.
Kraft, C.L., & Elworth, C.L. (1969). Flight deck work load and night visual approach performance. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research & Development Conference Proceedings No. 56 (pp. 11-1-11-14). NATO.
Kraft, C.L. (1978). A psychophysical contribution to air safety: Simulator studies of illusions in night visual approaches. In H.L. Pick, Jr., H.W. Leibowitz, J.E. Singer, A. Steinschneider, & H.W. Stevenson (Eds.), Psychology: From research to practice. New York: Plenum.
Gibb, R., Schvaneveldt, R., & Gray, R. (2008). Visual misperception in aviation: Glide path performance in a black hole environment. Human Factors, 50, 699-711.
Duncker, K. (1929). Über induzierte Bewegung. Psychologische Forschung, 12, 180-259.
Strentz, H. (1986, January 1). Become a psychic and amaze your friends! Atlanta Journal, p. 15A.
National Science Board. (2002). Science and Engineering Indicators-2002 (NSB-02-1). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
Consciousness
Roth, G. (2004, January). The quest to find consciousness. Scientific American Mind Special Edition, 14(1), 32-39.
James, W. (1981). The principles of psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Originally published in 1890.
Chalmers, D.J. (1995, December). The puzzle of conscious experience. Scientific American, 273(6), 80-86.
Consumer Reports. (2008, September). Nine myths about sleep. Retrieved from http://www.consumerreports.org/health/medical-conditions-treatments/sleep/myths-about-sleep/sleep-myths-about-sleep.htm
Sacks, O. (1985). The man who mistook his wife for a hat and other clinical tales. New York: Summit Books.
Azzopardi, P., & Cowey, A. (1997). Is blindsight like normal, near-threshold vision? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, 14190-14194. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.14190
Kleitman, N. (1939). Sleep and wakefulness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kleitman, N. (1982). Basic rest-activity cycle--22 years later. Sleep, 4, 311-317.
Czeisler, C.A., Duffy, J.F., Shanahan, T.L., Brown, E.N., Mitchell, J.F., Rimmer, D.W., Ronda, J.M., Silva, E.J., Allan, J.S., Emens, J.S., Dijk, D.J., & Kronauer, R.E. (1999). Stability, precision, and near 24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker. Science, 284, 2177-2181.
Wagner, U., Gais, S., Haider, H., Verleger, R., & Born, J. (2004). Sleep inspires insight. Nature, 427, 352-355.
Maas, J.B., Wherry, M.L., Axelrod, D.J., & Hogan, B. (1998). Power sleep: The revolutionary program that prepares your mind for peak performance. New York: Villard.
Coren, S. (1996). Sleep thieves: An eye-opening exploration into the science and mysteries of sleep. New York: The Free Press.
Hafner, M., Stepanek, M., Taylor, J., Troxel, W.M. & van Stolk, C. (2017). Why sleep matters--The economic costs of insufficient sleep: A cross-country comparative analysis. Rand Health Quarterly, 6(4), 11-16. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/periodicals/health-quarterly/issues/v6/n4/11.html
Åkerstedt, T., Ghilotti, F., Grotta, A., Zhao, H., Adami, H., Trolle-Lagerros, Y., & Bellocco, R. (2019). Sleep duration and mortality -- Does weekend sleep matter? Journal of Sleep Research, 28, e12712. doi:10.1111/jsr.12712
Freud, S. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
Empson, J.A.C., & Clarke, P.R.F. (1970). Rapid eye movements and remembering. Nature, 227, 287-288.
Cartwright, R. (1991). Dreams that work: The relation of dream incorporation to adaptation to stressful events. Dreaming, 1, 3-9.
Winson, J. (1990, November). The meaning of dreams. Scientific American, 86-96.
Hobson, J.A., & McCarley, R.W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 134, 1335-1348.
Zakzanis, K.K., Campbell, Z., & Jovanovski, D. (2007). The neuropsychology of ecstasy (MDMA) use: A quantitative review. Human Psychopharmacology, 22, 427-435.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Weitzenhoffer, A.M., & Hilgard, E.R. (1959). Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Forms A and B. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Barber, T.X. (1979). Suggested (“hypnotic”) behavior: The trance paradigm versus an alternative paradigm. In E. Fromm & R.E. Shor (Eds.), Hypnosis: Developments in research and new perspectives. Chicago: Aldine Press.
Spanos, N.P. (1986). Hypnosis and the modification of hypnotic susceptibility: A social psychological perspective. In P.L.N. Naish (Ed.) What is hypnosis? Current theories and research. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Spanos, N.P. (1986). Hypnotic behavior: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and “trance logic.” Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 9, 449-502.
Hilgard, E.R. (1986). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. New York: Wiley.
Learning and Behaviour
Watson, J.B. (1930). Behaviorism (revised edition). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Pavlov, I.P. (1927). In G.V. Anrep (Trans.), Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
Bovbjerg, D.H., Redd, W.H., Maier, L.A., Holland, J.C., Lesko, L.M., Niedzwiecki, D., Rubin, S.C., & Hakes, T.B. (1990). Anticipatory immune suppression and nausea in women receiving cyclic chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 153-157.
Rescorla, R.A., & Wagner, A. (1972). A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A.G. Black & W.F. Perokast (Eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Garcia, J., & Koelling, R. (1966). Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning. Psychonomic Science, 4, 123-124.
Myers, D.G. (1995). Psychology (4th ed.). New York: Worth.
Mischel, W., & Ebbesen, E. B. (1970). Attention in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16(2), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029815
Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., & Zeiss, A. R. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21(2), 204-218. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0032198
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P.K. (1989). The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 687-696.
Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1990). Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions. Developmental Psychology, 26(6), 978-986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.978
Watts, T. W., Duncan, G. J., & Quan, H. (2018). Revisiting the marshmallow test: A conceptual replication investigating links between early delay of gratification and later outcomes. Psychological Science, 29(7), 1159-1177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618761661
Tolman, E.C., & Honzik, C.H. (1930). Insight in rats. University of California Publications in Psychology, 4, 215-232.
Lepper, M.R., Greene, D., and Nisbett, R.E. (1973). Undermining children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards: A test of the “overjustification” hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 129-137.
Breland, K., & Breland, M. (1961). The misbehaviour of organisms. American Psychologist, 16, 661-664.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. (1963). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 601-607.
Bandura, A. (1967). The role of modeling personality development. In C. Lavatelli & F. Stendler (Eds.)., Readings in childhood and development (pp. 334-343). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Memory
Atkinson, R.C., & Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K.W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2, pp. 89-195). New York: Academic Press.
Sperling, G. (1960). The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs, 74, 1-29.
Miller, G.E. (1956). The magical number seven plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.
Baddeley, A.D. (1994). The magical number seven: Still magic after all these years? Psychological Review, 101, 353-356.
Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87-185.
Baddeley, A.D. (1976). The psychology of memory. New York, NY, Basic Books.
Baddeley, A.D. (2012). Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422
Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99.
Davidson, P.S.R., Cook, S.P., & Glisky, E.L. (2006). Flashbulb memories for September 11th can be preserved in older adults. Aging, Neurophysiology, and Cognition, 13, 196-206.
Atkinson, R.C., & Schiffrin, R.M. (1971). The control of short-term memory. Scientific American, 225 (2), 82-90.
Meyer, D.E., & Schvaneveldt, R.W. (1976). Meaning, memory structure, and mental processes. Science, 192, 27-33.
Lashley, K.D. (1950). In search of the engram. Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 4, 454-482.
Schwartz, J.H., Castellucci, V.F., Kandel, E.R. (1971). Functioning of identified neurons and synapses in abdominal ganglion of Aplysia in absence of protein synthesis. Journal of Neurophysiology, 34, 939-953.
Ebbinghaus, H. (1885; reprinted 1913). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (H.A. Ruber & C.E. Bussenius, Trans.). New York: Teachers College Press.
Craik, F.I.M., & Lockhart, R. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
Craik, F.I.M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 268-294.
Jenkins, J.G., & Dallenbach, K.M. (1924). Obliviscence during sleep and waking. American Journal of Psychology, 35, 605-612.
Godden, D.R.. & Baddeley, A.D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural enviroments: On land and under water. British Journal of Psychology, 66, 325-331.
Godden, D.R., & Baddeley, A.D. (1980). When does context influence recognition memory? British Journal of Psychology, 71, 99-104.
Loftus, E.F., & Palmer, J.C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13, 585-589.
Johnson, M.K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D.S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.
Freud, S. (1901). The psychopathology of everyday life. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 6 ). London: Hogarth Press.
Loftus, E.F., & Pickrell, J.E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720-725.
Motivation & Emotion
Cannon, W.B. (1932; reprinted 1963). The wisdom of the body. New York: Norton.
Hull, C. L. (1943). Principles of behavior: An introduction to behavior theory. New York, NY: Appleton-Century.
Hull, C. L. (1951). Essentials of behavior. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensations seeking. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zuckerman, M. (2007). Sensation seeking and risky behavior. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Cannon, W.B., & Washburn, A. (1912). An explanation of hunger. American Journal of Physiology, 29, 441-454.
Stellar, E. (1954). The physiology of emotion. Psychological Review, 61, 5-22.
Prader, A., Labhart, A., Willi, H. (1956). Ein Syndrom von Adipositas, Kleinwuchs, Kryptorchismus und Oligophrenie nach myatonieartigem Zustand im Neugeborenenalter. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, Basel, 86, 1260-1261.
Nisbett, R. E. (1972). Hunger, obesity, and the ventromedial hypothalamus. Psychological Review, 79, 433-453.
Batterham, R., Cowley, M., Small, C., Herzog, H., Cohen, M., Dakin, C., Wren, A., Byrnes, A., Low, M., Ghatei, M., Cone, R., & Bloom, S. (2002). Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature, 418, 650-654.
Sims, E.A. (1974). Studies in human hyperphagia. In G. Bray & J. Bethune (eds.), Treatment and management of obesity (pp. 28-43). New York: Harper & Row.
Clark, R., & Hatfield, E. (1989). Gender differences in receptivity to sexual offers. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 2, 39-55.
Hendrick, S.S., & Hendrick, C. (1987). Multidimensionality of sexual attitudes. The Journal of Sex Research, 23, 502-526.
Hendrick, C., Hendrick, S.S., & Reich, D. (2006). The brief sexual attitudes scale. The Journal of Sex Research, 43, 76-86. doi:10.1080/00224490609552301
Dweck, C.S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York: Random House.
Blackwell, L.S., Trzesniewski, K.H., & Dweck, C.S. (2007). Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child Development, 78, 246-263.
Dweck, C.S. (2007, December). The secret to raising smart kids. Scientific American Mind, 37-43.
Mueller, C.M., & Dweck, C.S. (1998). Praise for intelligence can undermine motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 33-52.
Kleinginna, P.R., & Kleinginna, A.M. (1981). A categorized list of emotion definitions, with suggestions for consensual definition. Motivation and Emotion, 5, 345-379.
Strack, F., Martin, L. L., & Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 768-777. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.768
Plutchik, R. (1984). Emotions: A general psychoevolutionary theory. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W.V. (1975). Unmasking the face. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Friedman, R., & Elliot, A.J. (2008). The effect of arm crossing on persistence and performance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 449-461.
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