★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power electronics. AC-DC conversion. DC-AC conversion. DC-DC conversion. AC-AC conversion. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 401 or E E 431.

★ 4.5

(either term,

3-0-3)

Introduction to radio communications systems. Frequency selective circuits and transformers. Parallel resonant circuits including transformers. Double-tuned circuits. Impedance matching. Oscillators. Conditions for oscillation. Amplitude limitation mechanisms. Phase stability. Crystal oscillators. Mixers. Diode-ring mixers. Square-law mixers. BJT mixers. Intermodulation distortion. Modulators and demodulators. Average envelope detectors. FM demodulators. High frequency amplifiers and automatic gain control. Broadband techniques. Neutralization. Phase-lock loops. Phase detectors. Voltage-controlled oscillators. Loop filters. Phase-locked loop applications. Power amplifiers. Prerequisite: ECE 303 or E E 350. Corequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 362 or E E 357 or E E 462. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 402 or E E 451.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design techniques and their application. Electrical characteristics of MOSFET devices and CMOS circuits. Use of CAD tools for simulation and integrated circuit layout. Modeling delays, advanced digital logic circuit techniques, memory. Prerequisite: ECE 304 or E E 351; corequisite: ECE 410 or CMPE 480. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 403 or E E 453.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to variable speed drives. Frequency, phase and vector control of induction motors. Dynamic models for induction motors. Permanent magnet synchronous and brushless dc motor drives. Prerequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 432 or E E 432.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power system transient states. Power system voltage stability; PV and QV curve methods. Power system angular stability; transient stability and equal area criterion; steady-state stability and power system stabilizer. Electromagnetic transients in power systems, insulation coordination and equipment protection. Methods of power system design and simulation. Prerequisites: ECE 330 or E E 330, and ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 433 or E E 433.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Extension of sampling theory and the Fourier transform to two dimensions, pixel operations including gray-level modification, algebraic and geometric transformations. The design of spatial filters for noise reduction, image sharpening and edge enhancement, and some discussion of interpolation techniques. An introduction to the concepts of image restoration from known degradations and the reconstruction of images from parallel and fan projections. Prerequisite: ECE 340 or E E 338 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of EE BE 540 or ECE 440.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Human visual/audio perception and multimedia data representations. Basic multimedia processing concepts, multimedia compression and communications. Machine learning tools for multimedia signal processing, including principle component analysis and Gaussian mixture modeling. Applications to human-computer interaction, visual-audio, and visual-text processing. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, ECE 342, MATH 102 or equivalent knowledge. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 442 or E E 442.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Intelligent systems for automatic control and data analysis. The concepts of vagueness and uncertainty, approximate reasoning, fuzzy rule-based systems and fuzzy control. Strategies for learning and adaptation, supervised and reinforcement learning, self-organization and the selection of neural network architectures. Discussion of the principles of search and optimization, evolution and natural selection and genetic algorithms. Introduction to hybrid intelligence. Applications of intelligent systems for pattern recognition, classification, forecasting, decision support, and control. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 449 or ECE 449.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Semiconductor device physics, device scaling trends, advanced MOSFET fabrication and the associated quantum mechanical framework in nanoscale systems. Semiconductor devices as a system of elemental components. Quantum phenomena in the evaluation of semiconductor devices. Impact of new materials such as high-k gate dielectrics, copper damascene processing and diffusion barriers on device performance. Choice of channel materials and strain condition for ultrascaled logic devices, RF and power electronic devices. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 450 or E E 450.

★ 4.0

(either term,

3-0-2)

Microfabrication processes for CMOS, bipolar, MEMS, and microfluidics devices. Laboratory safety. Deposition processes of oxidation, evaporation and sputtering. Lithography, wet and dry etch, and device characterization. Note: Consent of Department required. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 457 or E E 457.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to computer control, sample and hold, discrete-time systems. States and state space models. Linearization of nonlinear state-space models. Solving linear time-invariant state-space equations. Discretization of continuous-time systems. Controllability and observability, and their algebraic tests. Minimal state-space realizations. State feedback and eigenvalue/pole assignment, deadbeat control. Step tracking control design. State estimation and observer design. Observer based control. Introduction to linear quadratic optimal control. Prerequisites: ECE 360 or E E 357, and ECE 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 460 or E E 460.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Basic concepts of computer-integrated intervention. Surgical CAD/CAM, assist and simulation systems. Actuators and imagers. Medical robot design, control and optimization. Surgeon-robot interface technology. Haptic feedback in surgical simulation and teleoperation. Virtual fixtures. Time delay compensation in telesurgery. Cooperative manipulation control. Overview of existing systems for robot-assisted intervention and for virtual-reality surgical simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 462 or E E 357 or E E 462 or consent of the Department. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 464 or E E 464.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electromagnetic wave propagation at optical frequencies and approximations. Thermal and luminescent light sources, optical beams. Ray and Gaussian optics and simple optical components. Wave optics, polarization, interference, interferometric devices. Light-matter interactions. Optics of crystals; polarizers and waveplates. Photodetectors. Photonic engineering applications. Corequisite: ECE 370 or E E 315, or PHYS 381. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 471, E E 471 or PHYS 362.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electrostatics and magnetostatics; Maxwell's equations and plane waves. Analysis and characterization of waveguides, rectangular and circular waveguides, waveguide cavities. Radiation mechanism of dipoles, fundamental parameters, Friis transmission equations, link budget analysis, linear wire antennas, antenna arrays, different types of antennas, antenna measurements. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 476 or E E 476.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to RF/microwave circuits and their applications. Maxwell's Equations and basic wave-propagation concepts. Transmission-line theory and impedance-matching techniques. Practical planar transmission lines. Lumped and distributed microwave-circuit elements. Microwave network analysis using impedance/admittance parameters, scattering parameters, and transmission-matrix methods. Analysis, design, fabrication, and test of practical RF/microwave devices including power dividers/combiners, couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 478 or E E 478.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Principles of digital communications; signal space concepts, digital modulation and demodulation, intersymbol interference, and pulse shaping. Design of optimal receivers; performance in the presence of channel noise. Introduction to source coding and channel coding. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 485 or E E 485.

★ 3.0

(second term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to basic physical and technological aspects of medical imaging. Emphasis on computed transmission and emission tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. These methods are developed and contrasted in terms of how imaging information is generated, detected, and processed and how different hardware configurations and other factors limit image quality. Relative diagnostic potential of the imaging methods is also discussed in relation to future prospects of each method.

★ 3.0

(first term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to the principles of biophysical instrumentation. Various sensors are examined including strain gauges, inductive, capacitive, thermal, and piezoelectric sensors. Methods of measuring blood pressure are discussed. Origin of biopotentials; membrane and action potentials. Measurement of bioelectrical signals such as the ECG and EMG. Electrical safety, noise, impedance matching, and analog-to-digital conversion. Applications of electrodes, biochemical sensors, and lasers. Prerequisite: ECE 203 or E E 250 or consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 405 or EE BE 512.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Defects in manufacturing, failure mechanisms, and fault modeling. Reliability and availability theory. Static and dynamic redundancy and repair. Error correcting codes and self-checking systems. Roll-back strategies. Fault-tolerant computers and network architecture. Prerequisite: ECE 342. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 425 or ECE 412.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to advanced numerical methods such as finite-difference, finite-element and spectral-domain techniques for solving partial differential equations. Simulations of nanoscale systems involving multiphysics or coupled differential equations involving electron and thermal transport phenomena, electrodynamics, MEMS, and process simulation, graphical methods for 3D visualization of simulation data. Examples from applied areas of nanoengineering to demonstrate computational methods for understanding complex physical phenomena and for designing and simulating nanoscale devices and systems. Prerequisites: ECE 341 or MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 452 or E E 445.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

Introduction to analytical solutions of partial differential equations, eigenfunctions and eigenvalue problems, special functions in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Green's functions, and transform methods. These concepts provide the necessary mathematical foundation for understanding and analyzing important physical phenomena encountered at the micro and nanoscales. Examples drawn from electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, solidstate physics, photonics, thermal transport, and microelectromechanical systems. Prerequisites: ECE 240 or E E 238, and MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 341 or E E 323.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Transmission line design parameters; power flow computations; Generator control systems, load frequency control; economic operation of power systems; Symmetrical components theory; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 330 or E E 330. Corequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 430 or E E 430.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Short-circuit and other faults in power systems. Analysis of faulted power systems in phase domain, components of power system protection, various protection schemes and relays. Power system grounding, concepts of transient overvoltage and ground potential rise. Prerequisite: ECE 430. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 434 or E E 434.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

The course introduces basic concepts and techniques of data analysis and machine learning. Topics include: data preprocessing techniques, decision trees, nearest neighbor algorithms, linear and logistic regressions, clustering, dimensionality reduction, model evaluation, deployment methods, and emerging topics. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, and ECE 342 or STAT 235, or consent of instructor.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Fundamental concepts related to current flow in nanoelectronic devices. Energy level diagram and the Fermi function. Single-energy-level model for current flow and associated effects, such as the quantum of conductance, Coulomb blockade, and single electron charging. The Schroedinger equation and quantum mechanics for applications in nanoelectronics. Matrix-equation approach for numerical band structure calculations of transistor channel materials. k-space, Brillouin zones, and density of states. Subbands for quantum wells, wires, dots, and carbon nanotubes. Current flow in nanowires and ballistic nanotransistors, including minimum possible channel resistance, quantum capacitance, and the transistor equivalent circuit under ballistic operation. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 456 or E E 456.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Overview of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, applications of MEMS technology to radio frequency, optical and biomedical devices. Basic MEMS building blocks, cantilever and clamped-clamped beams. Actuation mechanisms of mechanical microdevices, thermal and electrostatic. The thin film fabrication process, deposition, lithography, etching and release. MEMS in circuits, switches, capacitors, and resonators. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381, and one of MAT E 201, PHYS 244, MEC E 250. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 458 or E E 458.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Interaction of radiation with atoms, laser oscillations and threshold conditions, 3- and 4-level laser systems, rate equations, special properties of laser light, cavity Q and photon lifetime, optical resonators and lens waveguides, Gaussian beams, gain saturation, Q-switching, mode locking, interaction of light and sound, holography. Description of various lasers: solid, gas, semiconductor, dye, Raman and chemical. Laser applications. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 472 or E E 472.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Definition of plasma. Behavior in electric and magnetic fields. Particle, kinetic and fluid description of flow and transport phenomena. Waves in plasmas. Current approaches to thermonuclear fusion. High temperature laser produced plasmas and low temperature DC and RF discharge plasmas. Applications in discharge pumping of lasers, plasma etching, thin film deposition and generation of x-rays. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 474 or E E 474.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Basic optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductor materials: energy band diagrams, optical constants. Recombination and light emission in semiconductors. Light emitting diodes: spectral characteristics, materials, and applications. Stimulated emission and laser oscillation conditions in semiconductors. Laser diodes: modal and spectral properties, steady state rate equations, materials and structures. Light absorption, optical to electrical energy conversion. Photovoltaic cells: fill factors and efficiency, temperature effects, alternative materials and structures. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 475 or E E 475.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Characteristics of wireless channels; path loss, shadow fading and multipath propagation. Challenges in wireless system design, digital modulation techniques for wireless communications, transmitter and receiver design for fading channels. Fundamentals of cellular system design and multiple access techniques. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 486 or E E 486.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-3)

An introduction to cell structure and function. Major topics include the molecules and structures that comprise prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the mechanisms by which energy is harvested and used by cells, how cells reproduce, and how information is stored and used within a cell via the processes of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. Prerequisites: Biology 30 and Chemistry 30. Note: BIOL 107 is not a prerequisite for BIOL 108. BIOL 107 and 108 can be taken in either term.

★ 3.0

(first term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to the principles of biophysical instrumentation. Various sensors are examined including strain gauges, inductive, capacitive, thermal, and piezoelectric sensors. Methods of measuring blood pressure are discussed. Origin of biopotentials; membrane and action potentials. Measurement of bioelectrical signals such as the ECG and EMG. Electrical safety, noise, impedance matching, and analog-to-digital conversion. Applications of electrodes, biochemical sensors, and lasers. Prerequisite: ECE 203 or E E 250 or consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 405 or EE BE 512.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Extension of sampling theory and the Fourier transform to two dimensions, pixel operations including gray-level modification, algebraic and geometric transformations. The design of spatial filters for noise reduction, image sharpening and edge enhancement, and some discussion of interpolation techniques. An introduction to the concepts of image restoration from known degradations and the reconstruction of images from parallel and fan projections. Prerequisite: ECE 340 or E E 338 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of EE BE 540 or ECE 440.

★ 3.0

(two-term,

3-0-0)

Introductory course in human physiology. Students will study the function and regulation of the human body and the complexities and interactions of cells, tissues, major organs and systems. This course is offered as a classroom-based course or in an online format. Students may not transfer from one mode of instruction to the other. Prerequisites: BIOL 107; plus 6 credits in University level Chemistry. Credit may be obtained in only one of PHYSL 210 or 212 and 214. This course may not be taken for credit if credit has been obtained in ZOOL 241 and/or 242.

★ 3.0

(two-term,

3-0-0)

Introductory course in human physiology. Students will study the function and regulation of the human body and the complexities and interactions of cells, tissues, major organs and systems. This course is offered as a classroom-based course or in an online format. Students may not transfer from one mode of instruction to the other. Prerequisites: BIOL 107; plus 6 credits in University level Chemistry. Credit may be obtained in only one of PHYSL 210 or 212 and 214. This course may not be taken for credit if credit has been obtained in ZOOL 241 and/or 242.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power electronics. AC-DC conversion. DC-AC conversion. DC-DC conversion. AC-AC conversion. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 401 or E E 431.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Human visual/audio perception and multimedia data representations. Basic multimedia processing concepts, multimedia compression and communications. Machine learning tools for multimedia signal processing, including principle component analysis and Gaussian mixture modeling. Applications to human-computer interaction, visual-audio, and visual-text processing. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, ECE 342, MATH 102 or equivalent knowledge. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 442 or E E 442.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Semiconductor device physics, device scaling trends, advanced MOSFET fabrication and the associated quantum mechanical framework in nanoscale systems. Semiconductor devices as a system of elemental components. Quantum phenomena in the evaluation of semiconductor devices. Impact of new materials such as high-k gate dielectrics, copper damascene processing and diffusion barriers on device performance. Choice of channel materials and strain condition for ultrascaled logic devices, RF and power electronic devices. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 450 or E E 450.

★ 4.0

(either term,

3-0-2)

Microfabrication processes for CMOS, bipolar, MEMS, and microfluidics devices. Laboratory safety. Deposition processes of oxidation, evaporation and sputtering. Lithography, wet and dry etch, and device characterization. Note: Consent of Department required. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 457 or E E 457.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to computer control, sample and hold, discrete-time systems. States and state space models. Linearization of nonlinear state-space models. Solving linear time-invariant state-space equations. Discretization of continuous-time systems. Controllability and observability, and their algebraic tests. Minimal state-space realizations. State feedback and eigenvalue/pole assignment, deadbeat control. Step tracking control design. State estimation and observer design. Observer based control. Introduction to linear quadratic optimal control. Prerequisites: ECE 360 or E E 357, and ECE 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 460 or E E 460.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electromagnetic wave propagation at optical frequencies and approximations. Thermal and luminescent light sources, optical beams. Ray and Gaussian optics and simple optical components. Wave optics, polarization, interference, interferometric devices. Light-matter interactions. Optics of crystals; polarizers and waveplates. Photodetectors. Photonic engineering applications. Corequisite: ECE 370 or E E 315, or PHYS 381. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 471, E E 471 or PHYS 362.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electrostatics and magnetostatics; Maxwell's equations and plane waves. Analysis and characterization of waveguides, rectangular and circular waveguides, waveguide cavities. Radiation mechanism of dipoles, fundamental parameters, Friis transmission equations, link budget analysis, linear wire antennas, antenna arrays, different types of antennas, antenna measurements. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 476 or E E 476.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

An introduction to the fundamental principles of biochemistry. Protein structure and function; enzymes; lipids and the structure of biological membranes; nucleotides and the structure of nucleic acids; bioenergetics and the catabolism of carbohydrates. Prerequisites: CHEM 101 and CHEM 261 or CHEM 164, or SCI 100.

★ 3.0

(second term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to basic physical and technological aspects of medical imaging. Emphasis on computed transmission and emission tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. These methods are developed and contrasted in terms of how imaging information is generated, detected, and processed and how different hardware configurations and other factors limit image quality. Relative diagnostic potential of the imaging methods is also discussed in relation to future prospects of each method.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-3)

The correlation of structure and chemical bonding in carbon compounds with the physical properties and chemical reactivity of organic molecules. Discussion will be based on functional groups with emphasis on hydrocarbons and derivatives that contain halogens, oxygen, sulfur, and the hydroxy group. Introduction to stereochemistry, three dimensional structure, reaction mechanisms, especially addition to double bonds, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. Prerequisite CHEM 101 or 103. Note: Students who have obtained credit for CHEM 264 cannot take CHEM 261 for credit. Engineering students who take this course will receive 4.5 units.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-3)

Continuation of the structural and chemical properties of the basic functional groups of organic compounds including alkynes, aromatic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives and amines. Illustration of these functional groups in natural products such as carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Discussion of the application of spectroscopic methods for the structure determination in simple organic molecules. Prerequisites: CHEM 261 or CHEM 264 and 266 or SCI 100. Students who have obtained credit for CHEM 265 cannot take CHEM 263 for credit.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Transmission line design parameters; power flow computations; Generator control systems, load frequency control; economic operation of power systems; Symmetrical components theory; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 330 or E E 330. Corequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 430 or E E 430.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to advanced numerical methods such as finite-difference, finite-element and spectral-domain techniques for solving partial differential equations. Simulations of nanoscale systems involving multiphysics or coupled differential equations involving electron and thermal transport phenomena, electrodynamics, MEMS, and process simulation, graphical methods for 3D visualization of simulation data. Examples from applied areas of nanoengineering to demonstrate computational methods for understanding complex physical phenomena and for designing and simulating nanoscale devices and systems. Prerequisites: ECE 341 or MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 452 or E E 445.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Fundamental concepts related to current flow in nanoelectronic devices. Energy level diagram and the Fermi function. Single-energy-level model for current flow and associated effects, such as the quantum of conductance, Coulomb blockade, and single electron charging. The Schroedinger equation and quantum mechanics for applications in nanoelectronics. Matrix-equation approach for numerical band structure calculations of transistor channel materials. k-space, Brillouin zones, and density of states. Subbands for quantum wells, wires, dots, and carbon nanotubes. Current flow in nanowires and ballistic nanotransistors, including minimum possible channel resistance, quantum capacitance, and the transistor equivalent circuit under ballistic operation. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 456 or E E 456.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Overview of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, applications of MEMS technology to radio frequency, optical and biomedical devices. Basic MEMS building blocks, cantilever and clamped-clamped beams. Actuation mechanisms of mechanical microdevices, thermal and electrostatic. The thin film fabrication process, deposition, lithography, etching and release. MEMS in circuits, switches, capacitors, and resonators. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381, and one of MAT E 201, PHYS 244, MEC E 250. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 458 or E E 458.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Basic concepts of computer-integrated intervention. Surgical CAD/CAM, assist and simulation systems. Actuators and imagers. Medical robot design, control and optimization. Surgeon-robot interface technology. Haptic feedback in surgical simulation and teleoperation. Virtual fixtures. Time delay compensation in telesurgery. Cooperative manipulation control. Overview of existing systems for robot-assisted intervention and for virtual-reality surgical simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 462 or E E 357 or E E 462 or consent of the Department. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 464 or E E 464.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Basic optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductor materials: energy band diagrams, optical constants. Recombination and light emission in semiconductors. Light emitting diodes: spectral characteristics, materials, and applications. Stimulated emission and laser oscillation conditions in semiconductors. Laser diodes: modal and spectral properties, steady state rate equations, materials and structures. Light absorption, optical to electrical energy conversion. Photovoltaic cells: fill factors and efficiency, temperature effects, alternative materials and structures. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 475 or E E 475.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to RF/microwave circuits and their applications. Maxwell's Equations and basic wave-propagation concepts. Transmission-line theory and impedance-matching techniques. Practical planar transmission lines. Lumped and distributed microwave-circuit elements. Microwave network analysis using impedance/admittance parameters, scattering parameters, and transmission-matrix methods. Analysis, design, fabrication, and test of practical RF/microwave devices including power dividers/combiners, couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 478 or E E 478.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electromagnetic wave propagation at optical frequencies and approximations. Thermal and luminescent light sources, optical beams. Ray and Gaussian optics and simple optical components. Wave optics, polarization, interference, interferometric devices. Light-matter interactions. Optics of crystals; polarizers and waveplates. Photodetectors. Photonic engineering applications. Corequisite: ECE 370 or E E 315, or PHYS 381. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 471, E E 471 or PHYS 362.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

Introduction to analytical solutions of partial differential equations, eigenfunctions and eigenvalue problems, special functions in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Green's functions, and transform methods. These concepts provide the necessary mathematical foundation for understanding and analyzing important physical phenomena encountered at the micro and nanoscales. Examples drawn from electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, solidstate physics, photonics, thermal transport, and microelectromechanical systems. Prerequisites: ECE 240 or E E 238, and MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 341 or E E 323.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Fundamental concepts related to current flow in nanoelectronic devices. Energy level diagram and the Fermi function. Single-energy-level model for current flow and associated effects, such as the quantum of conductance, Coulomb blockade, and single electron charging. The Schroedinger equation and quantum mechanics for applications in nanoelectronics. Matrix-equation approach for numerical band structure calculations of transistor channel materials. k-space, Brillouin zones, and density of states. Subbands for quantum wells, wires, dots, and carbon nanotubes. Current flow in nanowires and ballistic nanotransistors, including minimum possible channel resistance, quantum capacitance, and the transistor equivalent circuit under ballistic operation. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 456 or E E 456.

★ 4.0

(either term,

3-0-2)

Microfabrication processes for CMOS, bipolar, MEMS, and microfluidics devices. Laboratory safety. Deposition processes of oxidation, evaporation and sputtering. Lithography, wet and dry etch, and device characterization. Note: Consent of Department required. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 457 or E E 457.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Semiconductor device physics, device scaling trends, advanced MOSFET fabrication and the associated quantum mechanical framework in nanoscale systems. Semiconductor devices as a system of elemental components. Quantum phenomena in the evaluation of semiconductor devices. Impact of new materials such as high-k gate dielectrics, copper damascene processing and diffusion barriers on device performance. Choice of channel materials and strain condition for ultrascaled logic devices, RF and power electronic devices. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 450 or E E 450.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Basic optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductor materials: energy band diagrams, optical constants. Recombination and light emission in semiconductors. Light emitting diodes: spectral characteristics, materials, and applications. Stimulated emission and laser oscillation conditions in semiconductors. Laser diodes: modal and spectral properties, steady state rate equations, materials and structures. Light absorption, optical to electrical energy conversion. Photovoltaic cells: fill factors and efficiency, temperature effects, alternative materials and structures. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 475 or E E 475.

★ 3.0

(second term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to basic physical and technological aspects of medical imaging. Emphasis on computed transmission and emission tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. These methods are developed and contrasted in terms of how imaging information is generated, detected, and processed and how different hardware configurations and other factors limit image quality. Relative diagnostic potential of the imaging methods is also discussed in relation to future prospects of each method.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power electronics. AC-DC conversion. DC-AC conversion. DC-DC conversion. AC-AC conversion. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 401 or E E 431.

★ 4.5

(either term,

3-0-3)

Introduction to radio communications systems. Frequency selective circuits and transformers. Parallel resonant circuits including transformers. Double-tuned circuits. Impedance matching. Oscillators. Conditions for oscillation. Amplitude limitation mechanisms. Phase stability. Crystal oscillators. Mixers. Diode-ring mixers. Square-law mixers. BJT mixers. Intermodulation distortion. Modulators and demodulators. Average envelope detectors. FM demodulators. High frequency amplifiers and automatic gain control. Broadband techniques. Neutralization. Phase-lock loops. Phase detectors. Voltage-controlled oscillators. Loop filters. Phase-locked loop applications. Power amplifiers. Prerequisite: ECE 303 or E E 350. Corequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 362 or E E 357 or E E 462. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 402 or E E 451.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design techniques and their application. Electrical characteristics of MOSFET devices and CMOS circuits. Use of CAD tools for simulation and integrated circuit layout. Modeling delays, advanced digital logic circuit techniques, memory. Prerequisite: ECE 304 or E E 351; corequisite: ECE 410 or CMPE 480. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 403 or E E 453.

★ 3.0

(first term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to the principles of biophysical instrumentation. Various sensors are examined including strain gauges, inductive, capacitive, thermal, and piezoelectric sensors. Methods of measuring blood pressure are discussed. Origin of biopotentials; membrane and action potentials. Measurement of bioelectrical signals such as the ECG and EMG. Electrical safety, noise, impedance matching, and analog-to-digital conversion. Applications of electrodes, biochemical sensors, and lasers. Prerequisite: ECE 203 or E E 250 or consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 405 or EE BE 512.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Transmission line design parameters; power flow computations; Generator control systems, load frequency control; economic operation of power systems; Symmetrical components theory; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 330 or E E 330. Corequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 430 or E E 430.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Extension of sampling theory and the Fourier transform to two dimensions, pixel operations including gray-level modification, algebraic and geometric transformations. The design of spatial filters for noise reduction, image sharpening and edge enhancement, and some discussion of interpolation techniques. An introduction to the concepts of image restoration from known degradations and the reconstruction of images from parallel and fan projections. Prerequisite: ECE 340 or E E 338 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of EE BE 540 or ECE 440.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

The course introduces basic concepts and techniques of data analysis and machine learning. Topics include: data preprocessing techniques, decision trees, nearest neighbor algorithms, linear and logistic regressions, clustering, dimensionality reduction, model evaluation, deployment methods, and emerging topics. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, and ECE 342 or STAT 235, or consent of instructor.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Intelligent systems for automatic control and data analysis. The concepts of vagueness and uncertainty, approximate reasoning, fuzzy rule-based systems and fuzzy control. Strategies for learning and adaptation, supervised and reinforcement learning, self-organization and the selection of neural network architectures. Discussion of the principles of search and optimization, evolution and natural selection and genetic algorithms. Introduction to hybrid intelligence. Applications of intelligent systems for pattern recognition, classification, forecasting, decision support, and control. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 449 or ECE 449.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to advanced numerical methods such as finite-difference, finite-element and spectral-domain techniques for solving partial differential equations. Simulations of nanoscale systems involving multiphysics or coupled differential equations involving electron and thermal transport phenomena, electrodynamics, MEMS, and process simulation, graphical methods for 3D visualization of simulation data. Examples from applied areas of nanoengineering to demonstrate computational methods for understanding complex physical phenomena and for designing and simulating nanoscale devices and systems. Prerequisites: ECE 341 or MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 452 or E E 445.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Microfluidic and nanobiotechnological devices. Fabrication techniques for devices: self-assembly, lithographic technologies. Applications of nanobiotechnology in computing, electronics, human health, environment and manufacture. Prerequisites: MATH 201 or PHYS 230. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 455 or E E 455.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Overview of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, applications of MEMS technology to radio frequency, optical and biomedical devices. Basic MEMS building blocks, cantilever and clamped-clamped beams. Actuation mechanisms of mechanical microdevices, thermal and electrostatic. The thin film fabrication process, deposition, lithography, etching and release. MEMS in circuits, switches, capacitors, and resonators. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381, and one of MAT E 201, PHYS 244, MEC E 250. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 458 or E E 458.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to computer control, sample and hold, discrete-time systems. States and state space models. Linearization of nonlinear state-space models. Solving linear time-invariant state-space equations. Discretization of continuous-time systems. Controllability and observability, and their algebraic tests. Minimal state-space realizations. State feedback and eigenvalue/pole assignment, deadbeat control. Step tracking control design. State estimation and observer design. Observer based control. Introduction to linear quadratic optimal control. Prerequisites: ECE 360 or E E 357, and ECE 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 460 or E E 460.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Basic concepts of computer-integrated intervention. Surgical CAD/CAM, assist and simulation systems. Actuators and imagers. Medical robot design, control and optimization. Surgeon-robot interface technology. Haptic feedback in surgical simulation and teleoperation. Virtual fixtures. Time delay compensation in telesurgery. Cooperative manipulation control. Overview of existing systems for robot-assisted intervention and for virtual-reality surgical simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 462 or E E 357 or E E 462 or consent of the Department. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 464 or E E 464.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Interaction of radiation with atoms, laser oscillations and threshold conditions, 3- and 4-level laser systems, rate equations, special properties of laser light, cavity Q and photon lifetime, optical resonators and lens waveguides, Gaussian beams, gain saturation, Q-switching, mode locking, interaction of light and sound, holography. Description of various lasers: solid, gas, semiconductor, dye, Raman and chemical. Laser applications. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 472 or E E 472.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Definition of plasma. Behavior in electric and magnetic fields. Particle, kinetic and fluid description of flow and transport phenomena. Waves in plasmas. Current approaches to thermonuclear fusion. High temperature laser produced plasmas and low temperature DC and RF discharge plasmas. Applications in discharge pumping of lasers, plasma etching, thin film deposition and generation of x-rays. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 474 or E E 474.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electrostatics and magnetostatics; Maxwell's equations and plane waves. Analysis and characterization of waveguides, rectangular and circular waveguides, waveguide cavities. Radiation mechanism of dipoles, fundamental parameters, Friis transmission equations, link budget analysis, linear wire antennas, antenna arrays, different types of antennas, antenna measurements. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 476 or E E 476.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to RF/microwave circuits and their applications. Maxwell's Equations and basic wave-propagation concepts. Transmission-line theory and impedance-matching techniques. Practical planar transmission lines. Lumped and distributed microwave-circuit elements. Microwave network analysis using impedance/admittance parameters, scattering parameters, and transmission-matrix methods. Analysis, design, fabrication, and test of practical RF/microwave devices including power dividers/combiners, couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 478 or E E 478.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Characteristics of wireless channels; path loss, shadow fading and multipath propagation. Challenges in wireless system design, digital modulation techniques for wireless communications, transmitter and receiver design for fading channels. Fundamentals of cellular system design and multiple access techniques. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 486 or E E 486.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power electronics. AC-DC conversion. DC-AC conversion. DC-DC conversion. AC-AC conversion. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 401 or E E 431.

★ 4.5

(either term,

3-0-3)

Introduction to radio communications systems. Frequency selective circuits and transformers. Parallel resonant circuits including transformers. Double-tuned circuits. Impedance matching. Oscillators. Conditions for oscillation. Amplitude limitation mechanisms. Phase stability. Crystal oscillators. Mixers. Diode-ring mixers. Square-law mixers. BJT mixers. Intermodulation distortion. Modulators and demodulators. Average envelope detectors. FM demodulators. High frequency amplifiers and automatic gain control. Broadband techniques. Neutralization. Phase-lock loops. Phase detectors. Voltage-controlled oscillators. Loop filters. Phase-locked loop applications. Power amplifiers. Prerequisite: ECE 303 or E E 350. Corequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 362 or E E 357 or E E 462. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 402 or E E 451.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design techniques and their application. Electrical characteristics of MOSFET devices and CMOS circuits. Use of CAD tools for simulation and integrated circuit layout. Modeling delays, advanced digital logic circuit techniques, memory. Prerequisite: ECE 304 or E E 351; corequisite: ECE 410 or CMPE 480. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 403 or E E 453.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to variable speed drives. Frequency, phase and vector control of induction motors. Dynamic models for induction motors. Permanent magnet synchronous and brushless dc motor drives. Prerequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 432 or E E 432.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power system transient states. Power system voltage stability; PV and QV curve methods. Power system angular stability; transient stability and equal area criterion; steady-state stability and power system stabilizer. Electromagnetic transients in power systems, insulation coordination and equipment protection. Methods of power system design and simulation. Prerequisites: ECE 330 or E E 330, and ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 433 or E E 433.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Extension of sampling theory and the Fourier transform to two dimensions, pixel operations including gray-level modification, algebraic and geometric transformations. The design of spatial filters for noise reduction, image sharpening and edge enhancement, and some discussion of interpolation techniques. An introduction to the concepts of image restoration from known degradations and the reconstruction of images from parallel and fan projections. Prerequisite: ECE 340 or E E 338 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of EE BE 540 or ECE 440.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Human visual/audio perception and multimedia data representations. Basic multimedia processing concepts, multimedia compression and communications. Machine learning tools for multimedia signal processing, including principle component analysis and Gaussian mixture modeling. Applications to human-computer interaction, visual-audio, and visual-text processing. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, ECE 342, MATH 102 or equivalent knowledge. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 442 or E E 442.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Intelligent systems for automatic control and data analysis. The concepts of vagueness and uncertainty, approximate reasoning, fuzzy rule-based systems and fuzzy control. Strategies for learning and adaptation, supervised and reinforcement learning, self-organization and the selection of neural network architectures. Discussion of the principles of search and optimization, evolution and natural selection and genetic algorithms. Introduction to hybrid intelligence. Applications of intelligent systems for pattern recognition, classification, forecasting, decision support, and control. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 449 or ECE 449.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Semiconductor device physics, device scaling trends, advanced MOSFET fabrication and the associated quantum mechanical framework in nanoscale systems. Semiconductor devices as a system of elemental components. Quantum phenomena in the evaluation of semiconductor devices. Impact of new materials such as high-k gate dielectrics, copper damascene processing and diffusion barriers on device performance. Choice of channel materials and strain condition for ultrascaled logic devices, RF and power electronic devices. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 450 or E E 450.

★ 4.0

(either term,

3-0-2)

Microfabrication processes for CMOS, bipolar, MEMS, and microfluidics devices. Laboratory safety. Deposition processes of oxidation, evaporation and sputtering. Lithography, wet and dry etch, and device characterization. Note: Consent of Department required. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 457 or E E 457.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to computer control, sample and hold, discrete-time systems. States and state space models. Linearization of nonlinear state-space models. Solving linear time-invariant state-space equations. Discretization of continuous-time systems. Controllability and observability, and their algebraic tests. Minimal state-space realizations. State feedback and eigenvalue/pole assignment, deadbeat control. Step tracking control design. State estimation and observer design. Observer based control. Introduction to linear quadratic optimal control. Prerequisites: ECE 360 or E E 357, and ECE 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 460 or E E 460.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Basic concepts of computer-integrated intervention. Surgical CAD/CAM, assist and simulation systems. Actuators and imagers. Medical robot design, control and optimization. Surgeon-robot interface technology. Haptic feedback in surgical simulation and teleoperation. Virtual fixtures. Time delay compensation in telesurgery. Cooperative manipulation control. Overview of existing systems for robot-assisted intervention and for virtual-reality surgical simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 462 or E E 357 or E E 462 or consent of the Department. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 464 or E E 464.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electromagnetic wave propagation at optical frequencies and approximations. Thermal and luminescent light sources, optical beams. Ray and Gaussian optics and simple optical components. Wave optics, polarization, interference, interferometric devices. Light-matter interactions. Optics of crystals; polarizers and waveplates. Photodetectors. Photonic engineering applications. Corequisite: ECE 370 or E E 315, or PHYS 381. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 471, E E 471 or PHYS 362.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electrostatics and magnetostatics; Maxwell's equations and plane waves. Analysis and characterization of waveguides, rectangular and circular waveguides, waveguide cavities. Radiation mechanism of dipoles, fundamental parameters, Friis transmission equations, link budget analysis, linear wire antennas, antenna arrays, different types of antennas, antenna measurements. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 476 or E E 476.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to RF/microwave circuits and their applications. Maxwell's Equations and basic wave-propagation concepts. Transmission-line theory and impedance-matching techniques. Practical planar transmission lines. Lumped and distributed microwave-circuit elements. Microwave network analysis using impedance/admittance parameters, scattering parameters, and transmission-matrix methods. Analysis, design, fabrication, and test of practical RF/microwave devices including power dividers/combiners, couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 478 or E E 478.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Principles of digital communications; signal space concepts, digital modulation and demodulation, intersymbol interference, and pulse shaping. Design of optimal receivers; performance in the presence of channel noise. Introduction to source coding and channel coding. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 485 or E E 485.

★ 3.0

(second term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to basic physical and technological aspects of medical imaging. Emphasis on computed transmission and emission tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. These methods are developed and contrasted in terms of how imaging information is generated, detected, and processed and how different hardware configurations and other factors limit image quality. Relative diagnostic potential of the imaging methods is also discussed in relation to future prospects of each method.

★ 3.0

(first term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to the principles of biophysical instrumentation. Various sensors are examined including strain gauges, inductive, capacitive, thermal, and piezoelectric sensors. Methods of measuring blood pressure are discussed. Origin of biopotentials; membrane and action potentials. Measurement of bioelectrical signals such as the ECG and EMG. Electrical safety, noise, impedance matching, and analog-to-digital conversion. Applications of electrodes, biochemical sensors, and lasers. Prerequisite: ECE 203 or E E 250 or consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 405 or EE BE 512.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Defects in manufacturing, failure mechanisms, and fault modeling. Reliability and availability theory. Static and dynamic redundancy and repair. Error correcting codes and self-checking systems. Roll-back strategies. Fault-tolerant computers and network architecture. Prerequisite: ECE 342. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 425 or ECE 412.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to advanced numerical methods such as finite-difference, finite-element and spectral-domain techniques for solving partial differential equations. Simulations of nanoscale systems involving multiphysics or coupled differential equations involving electron and thermal transport phenomena, electrodynamics, MEMS, and process simulation, graphical methods for 3D visualization of simulation data. Examples from applied areas of nanoengineering to demonstrate computational methods for understanding complex physical phenomena and for designing and simulating nanoscale devices and systems. Prerequisites: ECE 341 or MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 452 or E E 445.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

Introduction to analytical solutions of partial differential equations, eigenfunctions and eigenvalue problems, special functions in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Green's functions, and transform methods. These concepts provide the necessary mathematical foundation for understanding and analyzing important physical phenomena encountered at the micro and nanoscales. Examples drawn from electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, solidstate physics, photonics, thermal transport, and microelectromechanical systems. Prerequisites: ECE 240 or E E 238, and MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 341 or E E 323.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Transmission line design parameters; power flow computations; Generator control systems, load frequency control; economic operation of power systems; Symmetrical components theory; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 330 or E E 330. Corequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 430 or E E 430.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Short-circuit and other faults in power systems. Analysis of faulted power systems in phase domain, components of power system protection, various protection schemes and relays. Power system grounding, concepts of transient overvoltage and ground potential rise. Prerequisite: ECE 430. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 434 or E E 434.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

The course introduces basic concepts and techniques of data analysis and machine learning. Topics include: data preprocessing techniques, decision trees, nearest neighbor algorithms, linear and logistic regressions, clustering, dimensionality reduction, model evaluation, deployment methods, and emerging topics. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, and ECE 342 or STAT 235, or consent of instructor.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Fundamental concepts related to current flow in nanoelectronic devices. Energy level diagram and the Fermi function. Single-energy-level model for current flow and associated effects, such as the quantum of conductance, Coulomb blockade, and single electron charging. The Schroedinger equation and quantum mechanics for applications in nanoelectronics. Matrix-equation approach for numerical band structure calculations of transistor channel materials. k-space, Brillouin zones, and density of states. Subbands for quantum wells, wires, dots, and carbon nanotubes. Current flow in nanowires and ballistic nanotransistors, including minimum possible channel resistance, quantum capacitance, and the transistor equivalent circuit under ballistic operation. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 456 or E E 456.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Overview of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, applications of MEMS technology to radio frequency, optical and biomedical devices. Basic MEMS building blocks, cantilever and clamped-clamped beams. Actuation mechanisms of mechanical microdevices, thermal and electrostatic. The thin film fabrication process, deposition, lithography, etching and release. MEMS in circuits, switches, capacitors, and resonators. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381, and one of MAT E 201, PHYS 244, MEC E 250. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 458 or E E 458.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Interaction of radiation with atoms, laser oscillations and threshold conditions, 3- and 4-level laser systems, rate equations, special properties of laser light, cavity Q and photon lifetime, optical resonators and lens waveguides, Gaussian beams, gain saturation, Q-switching, mode locking, interaction of light and sound, holography. Description of various lasers: solid, gas, semiconductor, dye, Raman and chemical. Laser applications. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 472 or E E 472.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Definition of plasma. Behavior in electric and magnetic fields. Particle, kinetic and fluid description of flow and transport phenomena. Waves in plasmas. Current approaches to thermonuclear fusion. High temperature laser produced plasmas and low temperature DC and RF discharge plasmas. Applications in discharge pumping of lasers, plasma etching, thin film deposition and generation of x-rays. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 474 or E E 474.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Basic optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductor materials: energy band diagrams, optical constants. Recombination and light emission in semiconductors. Light emitting diodes: spectral characteristics, materials, and applications. Stimulated emission and laser oscillation conditions in semiconductors. Laser diodes: modal and spectral properties, steady state rate equations, materials and structures. Light absorption, optical to electrical energy conversion. Photovoltaic cells: fill factors and efficiency, temperature effects, alternative materials and structures. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 475 or E E 475.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Characteristics of wireless channels; path loss, shadow fading and multipath propagation. Challenges in wireless system design, digital modulation techniques for wireless communications, transmitter and receiver design for fading channels. Fundamentals of cellular system design and multiple access techniques. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 486 or E E 486.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electromagnetic wave propagation at optical frequencies and approximations. Thermal and luminescent light sources, optical beams. Ray and Gaussian optics and simple optical components. Wave optics, polarization, interference, interferometric devices. Light-matter interactions. Optics of crystals; polarizers and waveplates. Photodetectors. Photonic engineering applications. Corequisite: ECE 370 or E E 315, or PHYS 381. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 471, E E 471 or PHYS 362.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

Introduction to analytical solutions of partial differential equations, eigenfunctions and eigenvalue problems, special functions in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Green's functions, and transform methods. These concepts provide the necessary mathematical foundation for understanding and analyzing important physical phenomena encountered at the micro and nanoscales. Examples drawn from electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, solidstate physics, photonics, thermal transport, and microelectromechanical systems. Prerequisites: ECE 240 or E E 238, and MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 341 or E E 323.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Fundamental concepts related to current flow in nanoelectronic devices. Energy level diagram and the Fermi function. Single-energy-level model for current flow and associated effects, such as the quantum of conductance, Coulomb blockade, and single electron charging. The Schroedinger equation and quantum mechanics for applications in nanoelectronics. Matrix-equation approach for numerical band structure calculations of transistor channel materials. k-space, Brillouin zones, and density of states. Subbands for quantum wells, wires, dots, and carbon nanotubes. Current flow in nanowires and ballistic nanotransistors, including minimum possible channel resistance, quantum capacitance, and the transistor equivalent circuit under ballistic operation. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 456 or E E 456.

★ 4.0

(either term,

3-0-2)

Microfabrication processes for CMOS, bipolar, MEMS, and microfluidics devices. Laboratory safety. Deposition processes of oxidation, evaporation and sputtering. Lithography, wet and dry etch, and device characterization. Note: Consent of Department required. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 457 or E E 457.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Semiconductor device physics, device scaling trends, advanced MOSFET fabrication and the associated quantum mechanical framework in nanoscale systems. Semiconductor devices as a system of elemental components. Quantum phenomena in the evaluation of semiconductor devices. Impact of new materials such as high-k gate dielectrics, copper damascene processing and diffusion barriers on device performance. Choice of channel materials and strain condition for ultrascaled logic devices, RF and power electronic devices. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 450 or E E 450.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Basic optical properties of crystalline and amorphous semiconductor materials: energy band diagrams, optical constants. Recombination and light emission in semiconductors. Light emitting diodes: spectral characteristics, materials, and applications. Stimulated emission and laser oscillation conditions in semiconductors. Laser diodes: modal and spectral properties, steady state rate equations, materials and structures. Light absorption, optical to electrical energy conversion. Photovoltaic cells: fill factors and efficiency, temperature effects, alternative materials and structures. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 475 or E E 475.

★ 3.0

(second term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to basic physical and technological aspects of medical imaging. Emphasis on computed transmission and emission tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. These methods are developed and contrasted in terms of how imaging information is generated, detected, and processed and how different hardware configurations and other factors limit image quality. Relative diagnostic potential of the imaging methods is also discussed in relation to future prospects of each method.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to power electronics. AC-DC conversion. DC-AC conversion. DC-DC conversion. AC-AC conversion. Prerequisite: ECE 302 or E E 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 401 or E E 431.

★ 4.5

(either term,

3-0-3)

Introduction to radio communications systems. Frequency selective circuits and transformers. Parallel resonant circuits including transformers. Double-tuned circuits. Impedance matching. Oscillators. Conditions for oscillation. Amplitude limitation mechanisms. Phase stability. Crystal oscillators. Mixers. Diode-ring mixers. Square-law mixers. BJT mixers. Intermodulation distortion. Modulators and demodulators. Average envelope detectors. FM demodulators. High frequency amplifiers and automatic gain control. Broadband techniques. Neutralization. Phase-lock loops. Phase detectors. Voltage-controlled oscillators. Loop filters. Phase-locked loop applications. Power amplifiers. Prerequisite: ECE 303 or E E 350. Corequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 362 or E E 357 or E E 462. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 402 or E E 451.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design techniques and their application. Electrical characteristics of MOSFET devices and CMOS circuits. Use of CAD tools for simulation and integrated circuit layout. Modeling delays, advanced digital logic circuit techniques, memory. Prerequisite: ECE 304 or E E 351; corequisite: ECE 410 or CMPE 480. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 403 or E E 453.

★ 3.0

(first term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to the principles of biophysical instrumentation. Various sensors are examined including strain gauges, inductive, capacitive, thermal, and piezoelectric sensors. Methods of measuring blood pressure are discussed. Origin of biopotentials; membrane and action potentials. Measurement of bioelectrical signals such as the ECG and EMG. Electrical safety, noise, impedance matching, and analog-to-digital conversion. Applications of electrodes, biochemical sensors, and lasers. Prerequisite: ECE 203 or E E 250 or consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 405 or EE BE 512.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Transmission line design parameters; power flow computations; Generator control systems, load frequency control; economic operation of power systems; Symmetrical components theory; Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Prerequisite: ECE 330 or E E 330. Corequisite: ECE 332 or E E 332. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 430 or E E 430.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Extension of sampling theory and the Fourier transform to two dimensions, pixel operations including gray-level modification, algebraic and geometric transformations. The design of spatial filters for noise reduction, image sharpening and edge enhancement, and some discussion of interpolation techniques. An introduction to the concepts of image restoration from known degradations and the reconstruction of images from parallel and fan projections. Prerequisite: ECE 340 or E E 338 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of EE BE 540 or ECE 440.

★ 3.5

(either term,

3-1s-0)

The course introduces basic concepts and techniques of data analysis and machine learning. Topics include: data preprocessing techniques, decision trees, nearest neighbor algorithms, linear and logistic regressions, clustering, dimensionality reduction, model evaluation, deployment methods, and emerging topics. Prerequisites: ECE 220 or CMPUT 275, and ECE 342 or STAT 235, or consent of instructor.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Intelligent systems for automatic control and data analysis. The concepts of vagueness and uncertainty, approximate reasoning, fuzzy rule-based systems and fuzzy control. Strategies for learning and adaptation, supervised and reinforcement learning, self-organization and the selection of neural network architectures. Discussion of the principles of search and optimization, evolution and natural selection and genetic algorithms. Introduction to hybrid intelligence. Applications of intelligent systems for pattern recognition, classification, forecasting, decision support, and control. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 449 or ECE 449.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Introduction to advanced numerical methods such as finite-difference, finite-element and spectral-domain techniques for solving partial differential equations. Simulations of nanoscale systems involving multiphysics or coupled differential equations involving electron and thermal transport phenomena, electrodynamics, MEMS, and process simulation, graphical methods for 3D visualization of simulation data. Examples from applied areas of nanoengineering to demonstrate computational methods for understanding complex physical phenomena and for designing and simulating nanoscale devices and systems. Prerequisites: ECE 341 or MATH 309 or 311. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 452 or E E 445.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Microfluidic and nanobiotechnological devices. Fabrication techniques for devices: self-assembly, lithographic technologies. Applications of nanobiotechnology in computing, electronics, human health, environment and manufacture. Prerequisites: MATH 201 or PHYS 230. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 455 or E E 455.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Overview of microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, applications of MEMS technology to radio frequency, optical and biomedical devices. Basic MEMS building blocks, cantilever and clamped-clamped beams. Actuation mechanisms of mechanical microdevices, thermal and electrostatic. The thin film fabrication process, deposition, lithography, etching and release. MEMS in circuits, switches, capacitors, and resonators. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381, and one of MAT E 201, PHYS 244, MEC E 250. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 458 or E E 458.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to computer control, sample and hold, discrete-time systems. States and state space models. Linearization of nonlinear state-space models. Solving linear time-invariant state-space equations. Discretization of continuous-time systems. Controllability and observability, and their algebraic tests. Minimal state-space realizations. State feedback and eigenvalue/pole assignment, deadbeat control. Step tracking control design. State estimation and observer design. Observer based control. Introduction to linear quadratic optimal control. Prerequisites: ECE 360 or E E 357, and ECE 340. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 460 or E E 460.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Basic concepts of computer-integrated intervention. Surgical CAD/CAM, assist and simulation systems. Actuators and imagers. Medical robot design, control and optimization. Surgeon-robot interface technology. Haptic feedback in surgical simulation and teleoperation. Virtual fixtures. Time delay compensation in telesurgery. Cooperative manipulation control. Overview of existing systems for robot-assisted intervention and for virtual-reality surgical simulation. Prerequisite: ECE 360 or ECE 462 or E E 357 or E E 462 or consent of the Department. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 464 or E E 464.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Interaction of radiation with atoms, laser oscillations and threshold conditions, 3- and 4-level laser systems, rate equations, special properties of laser light, cavity Q and photon lifetime, optical resonators and lens waveguides, Gaussian beams, gain saturation, Q-switching, mode locking, interaction of light and sound, holography. Description of various lasers: solid, gas, semiconductor, dye, Raman and chemical. Laser applications. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381 or consent of Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 472 or E E 472.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Definition of plasma. Behavior in electric and magnetic fields. Particle, kinetic and fluid description of flow and transport phenomena. Waves in plasmas. Current approaches to thermonuclear fusion. High temperature laser produced plasmas and low temperature DC and RF discharge plasmas. Applications in discharge pumping of lasers, plasma etching, thin film deposition and generation of x-rays. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 474 or E E 474.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Electrostatics and magnetostatics; Maxwell's equations and plane waves. Analysis and characterization of waveguides, rectangular and circular waveguides, waveguide cavities. Radiation mechanism of dipoles, fundamental parameters, Friis transmission equations, link budget analysis, linear wire antennas, antenna arrays, different types of antennas, antenna measurements. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 476 or E E 476.

★ 3.8

(either term,

3-0-3/2)

Introduction to RF/microwave circuits and their applications. Maxwell's Equations and basic wave-propagation concepts. Transmission-line theory and impedance-matching techniques. Practical planar transmission lines. Lumped and distributed microwave-circuit elements. Microwave network analysis using impedance/admittance parameters, scattering parameters, and transmission-matrix methods. Analysis, design, fabrication, and test of practical RF/microwave devices including power dividers/combiners, couplers, amplifiers, and filters. Prerequisites: ECE 370 or E E 315 or PHYS 381. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 478 or E E 478.

★ 3.0

(either term,

3-0-0)

Characteristics of wireless channels; path loss, shadow fading and multipath propagation. Challenges in wireless system design, digital modulation techniques for wireless communications, transmitter and receiver design for fading channels. Fundamentals of cellular system design and multiple access techniques. Prerequisites: ECE 342 or E E 387, and ECE 380 or E E 390. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 486 or E E 486.