Civil War After Caesar's Death II
Major Realignments in 43
- Two consuls march against Antony, helped by Young Caesar
- Antony defeated in series of battles near Mantua,spring 43
- Antony retreats NW into s. Gaul
- Both consuls die
- Young Caesar asserts indepedence of senate
- Seizes Rome, has himself elected consul
- Antony allies with M. Aemilius Lepidus cos. 46
- Lepidus son of M. Lepidus cos. 78
- Senior Caesarian consul
- Threatened by anti-Caesarian senate
- Gov. of s. Gaul
Triumvirate
- Young Caesar enters into alliance with Antony, Lepidus
- Triumvirate established by law
- In effect, a permanent three-man dictatorship
- Antony, Young Caesar, Lepidus
- Lepidus important only temporarily
- Young Caesar at bottom of totem-pole now, will rise
- New Proscriptions
- Cicero killed along with his brother and nephew
Showdown with Assassins
- Brutus, Cassius seize East in 43
- In 44, Brutus and Cassius are sent off to minor eastern provinces by Antony to get them out of the way
- Brutus takes over Macedonia, which was to be turned over to Antony
- Cassius takes over Syria, which he had defended in 53 after Crassus' debacle at Carrhae
- Dolabella, Antony's colleague as consul in 44 after death of Caesar tries to claim Syria
- Troops stick with Cassius against Dolabella
- In 43 Brutus, Cassius seize Asia Minor
- loyalty of troops by letting them plunder "disloyal" cities of Asia (those that had gone over to Dolabella in his march east)
- "Defenders" of Republic violate its principles
- Military force now the only form of "legitimacy"
- Antony, Young Caesar cross over to Greece in 42
- Republican forces defeated at Philippi in Sept.
- Cassius, Brutus commit suicide
- Last army that even pretends to be fighting for Republic
- Reassignment of territory among triumvirs
- Antony receives East
- Young Caesar gets Italy
- Difficult assignment b/c of need to find land for veterans
- Gives moral high ground through control of Rome, Roman homeland
- Lepidus shunted off to Africa
Sex. Pompeius/Pius Magnus
- Sex. Pompeius son of Pompey
- Survived the defeat of the Pompeians by Caesar in Spain in 45
- Established himself as a naval commander
- Seized Sicily, other islands in 44, 43
- The proscribed flee to him
- Republicans flee to him after Philippi
- Caused Young Caesar much trouble in Italy
- Threatens grain supply of Rome
- Changes name to Pius Magnus
- Magnus ("the Great") was a cognomen adopted by Pompey
- Pius ("the dutiful one") shows his loyalty to his father
- New name distinguishes the warlord from regular humans
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