AIX Version 4.3 System User's Guide: Operating System and Devices

<body bgcolor="fcfbf0"> <center> <font color="#a62a2a" size="+2"> </font> </center> <hr> <H1><a href="edition_notice.htm">First Edition (October 1997)</a></H1> <H1><a href="Trademarks.htm#C5840B8566mart">Trademarks and Acknowledgements</a></H1> <H1><a href="About.htm">About This Book</a></H1> <H2><a href="About.htm">Who Should Use This Book</a></H2> <H1><a href="login_names_sysids_pws.htm#NfDvh223mart">Chapter 1. Login Names, System IDs, and Passwords</a></H1> <H2><a href="login_names_sysids_pws.htm#C5840EE920mart">Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="login_logout_overview.htm#ncD5140craw">Login and Logout Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="user_sys_id.htm#A6hDvh2bemart">User and System Identification</a></H2> <H2><a href="passwords.htm#PgDvh372mart">Passwords</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_log_id_pw.htm#fHnEi170mart">Command Summary for Login Names, System IDs, and Passwords</a></H2> <H1><a href="user_env_sys_info.htm#vdYAi3cemart">Chapter 2. User Environment and System Information</a></H1> <H2><a href="list_dev_in_sys.htm#hSY9i323mart">Listing the Devices in Your System (lscfg Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_console_name.htm#fUY9i1b8mart">Displaying the Name of Your Console (lscons Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_term_name.htm#A956Ci2f7mart">Displaying the Name of Your Terminal (tty Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_avail_displays.htm#GVY9i103mart">Listing Available Displays (lsdisp Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_avail_fonts.htm#DWY9i118mart">Listing the Available Fonts (lsfont Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_kybd_maps.htm#A1XY9i288mart">Listing Keyboard Maps (lskbd Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_sfw_prod.htm#cXY9i39bmart">Listing Software Products (lslpp Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_control_key.htm#ci8Ci270mart">Listing Control Key Assignments for Your Terminal (stty Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_env_vars.htm#FZY9i1e7mart">Listing All Your Environment Variables (env Commands)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_env_var_value.htm#C320CAF385mart">Displaying the Value of an Environment Variable (printenv Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="bidirectional_lang.htm#D317C87211stcl">Working with Bidirectional Languages (aixterm Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_user_env_sys_info.htm#C3C8A49165mart">Command Summary for User Environment and System Information</a></H2> <H1><a href="cmds_and_processes.htm#pjYAi3d1mart">Chapter 3. Commands and Processes</a></H1> <H2><a href="cmds_and_processes.htm#C58416D571mart">Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmds_overview.htm#I8N310wmh3">Commands Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="processes_overview.htm#BEI180gsc">Processes Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_cmds_procs.htm#C3C8AB4448mart">Command Summary for Commands and Processes</a></H2> <H1><a href="input_output_redir.htm#aAn1340gsc">Chapter 4. Input and Output Redirection</a></H1> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A2N6Fid8mart">Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#pO6Fi160mart">Redirecting Standard Output</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#VY6Fi3c2mart">Redirecting Output to a File</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A3Z6Fi10cmart">Redirecting Output and Appending It to a File</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#YZ6Fi3e1mart">Creating a Text File with Redirection from the Keyboard</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A1a6Fi223mart">Concatenating (Join) Text Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A4Q6Fi134mart">Redirecting Standard Input</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#tQ6Fi363mart">Discarding Output with the /dev/null File</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#NR6Fi90mart">Redirecting Standard Error and Other Output</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A279912c8">Inline Input (Here) Documents</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#xR6Fi39dmart">Pipes and Filters</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A9F8Fi176mart">Displaying Program Output and Copying It to a File (tee command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#lF8Fi318mart">Clearing Your Screen (clear Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#JG8Fid9mart">Sending a Message to Standard Output (echo Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#mG8Fia6mart">Appending a Single Line of Text to a File (echo Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#DH8Fi375mart">Copying Your Screen to a File (capture and script Commands)</a></H2> <H2><a href="std_input_output.htm#A62C222da">Displaying Text in Large Letters on Your Screen (banner Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_input_output_redir.htm#C3C8AE8721mart">Command Summary for Input and Output Redirection</a></H2> <H1><a href="file_sys_dirs.htm#OBXuf265mart">Chapter 5. File Systems and Directories</a></H1> <H2><a href="file_sys_dirs.htm#C584201494mart">Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="file_systems.htm#D31340mart">File Systems</a></H2> <H2><a href="dir_overview.htm#jy490craw">Directory Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="dir_hand_procs.htm#A6C4B8E424deni">Directory Handling Procedures</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_file_sys_dir.htm#U8THi38fmart">Command Summary for File Systems and Directories</a></H2> <H1><a href="files.htm#Rl33b0fish">Chapter 6. Files</a></H1> <H2><a href="file_types.htm#A9E9A644212judy">Types of Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="file_hand_procs.htm#A6C4AE3130deni">File Handling Procedures</a></H2> <H2><a href="link_files_dirs.htm#ZAruf134judy">Linking Files and Directories</a></H2> <H2><a href="dos_files.htm#svVPg170deni">DOS Files</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_files.htm#eBTFi397mart">Command Summary for Files</a></H2> <H1><a href="printers_prtjobs_queues.htm#A350P918c">Chapter 7. Printers, Print Jobs, and Queues</a></H1> <H2><a href="printer_term.htm#niMHi1ecmart">Printer Terminology</a></H2> <H2><a href="start_print_job.htm#xRQg365kat">Starting a Print Job (qprt Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cancel_print_job.htm#A01BBEB980kath">Canceling a Print Job (qcan Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="check_print_job.htm#A01BBF5791kath">Checking Print Job Status (qchk Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="printer_status.htm#C4B4799819mart">Printer Status Conditions</a></H2> <H2><a href="prioritize_print_job.htm#A01BC13981kath">Prioritizing a Print Job (qpri Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="hold_rel_print_job.htm#E884851109stcl">Holding and Releasing a Print Job (qhld Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="move_print_job.htm#E884853021stcl">Moving a Print Job to Another Print Queue (qmov Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="format_file.htm#ZCRHi2f3mart">Formatting Files for Printing (pr Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="print_ascii.htm#A101C1316">Printing ASCII Files on a PostScript Printer </a></H2> <H2><a href="automat_ascii_conversion.htm#A101C131f">Automating the Conversion of ASCII to PostScript</a></H2> <H2><a href="override_auto_determination.htm#A22920A579kevi">Overriding Automatic Determination of Print File Types</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_prt_prtjobs_queues.htm#C4B47B5631mart">Command Summary for Printers, Print Jobs, and Queues</a></H2> <H1><a href="backup_files_stor.htm#O7hIi2c1mart">Chapter 8. Backup Files and Storage Media</a></H1> <H2><a href="backup_policy.htm#AzonIi343mart">Backup Policy</a></H2> <H2><a href="format_diskette.htm#A684Rg17bdeni">Formatting Diskettes (format or fdformat Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="check_filesys_integrity.htm#ifPKi1a4mart">Checking the Integrity of the File System (fsck Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="copy_diskette.htm#DrnIi28amart">Copying to or from Diskettes (flcopy Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="copy_files_to_tape.htm#XrnIi297mart">Copying Files to Tape or Disk (cpio -o Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="copy_files_from_tape.htm#SsnIi14mart">Copying Files from Tape or Disk (cpio -i Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="copy_to_from_tape.htm#A3tnIi90mart">Copying to or from Tapes (tcopy Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="check_tape_integrity.htm#AzrPKi3c4mart">Checking the Integrity of a Tape (tapechk Command) </a></H2> <H2><a href="compress_files.htm#A6C4B5E986deni">Compressing Files (compress and pack Commands)</a></H2> <H2><a href="expand_comp_files.htm#bUSFi10mart">Expanding Compressed Files (uncompress and unpack Commands)</a></H2> <H2><a href="backup_files_cmd.htm#A8pYNg3cbdeni">Backing Up Files (backup Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="restore_files.htm#OwnIi33emart">Restoring Backed-Up Files (restore Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="archive_files.htm#XxnIi1cemart">Archiving Files (tar Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_backup_files.htm#C4B4807633mart">Command Summary for Backup Files and Storage Media</a></H2> <H1><a href="file_sys_security.htm#Eu5Ji3dfmart">Chapter 9. File and System Security</a></H1> <H2><a href="security_threats.htm#Ux4Ji304mart">Security Threats</a></H2> <H2><a href="file_own_user_grps.htm#A9E9FEE702marta">File Ownership and User Groups</a></H2> <H2><a href="access_control_list.htm#Q25Ji28bmart">Access Control Lists</a></H2> <H2><a href="lock_term.htm#A885Jicmart">Locking Your Terminal (lock or xlock Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="test_virus.htm#l85Ji25mart"> Testing Files for Viruses (virscan Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_file_sys_security.htm#C4D702E808mart">Command Summary for File and System Security</a></H2> <H1><a href="user_env_customize.htm#C4D7047111mart">Chapter 10. Customizing the User Environment </a></H1> <H2><a href="user_env_customize.htm#C58437B025mart">Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="user_env_customize.htm#ADCAn96stcl">AIX Support for the X/Open UNIX95 Specification</a></H2> <H2><a href="sys_startup_files_overview.htm#A5L6Ji1a2mart">System Startup Files Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="aixwin_startup_files_overview.htm#sPdPi3aamart">AIXwindows Startup Files Overview</a></H2> <H2><a href="customization_procs.htm#C4F5358641mart">Customization Procedures</a></H2> <H2><a href="cust_info_win_prog.htm#A3DK1340kaye">Customizing the InfoExplorer Windows Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="sum_user_env_cust.htm#C4D705A118mart">Summary for User Environment Customization</a></H2> <H1><a href="shells.htm#A127C1ff">Chapter 11. Shells</a></H1> <H2><a href="shell_features.htm#A2D4xf2shar">Shell Features</a></H2> <H2><a href="korn_shell.htm#A56C21ed2">Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="quoting.htm#A26591351">Quoting</a></H2> <H2><a href="reserved_words.htm#A115C1lms">Reserved Words</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_alias_korn_shell.htm#A56C21ede">Command Aliasing in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="parameter_subst.htm#aZLTi25emart">Parameter Substitution in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_subst_korn_shell.htm#A45F0148c">Command Substitution in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="arithmetic_eval_korn_shell.htm#A56C21edd">Arithmetic Evaluation in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="field_split.htm#A2659134c">Field Splitting</a></H2> <H2><a href="file_name_subst_korn_shell.htm#A56C21eeb">File Name Substitution in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="input_output_redir_korn.htm#A56C21f25">Input and Output Redirection in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="exit_status.htm#A265913fd">Exit Status</a></H2> <H2><a href="korn_posix_shell.htm#A56C21ed9">Korn Shell or POSIX Shell Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="korn_builtin_cmds.htm#A56C21edc">Korn Shell or POSIX Shell Built-In Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="conditional_exp.htm#A2659135b">Conditional Expressions </a></H2> <H2><a href="job_control_korn.htm#A56C21f26">Job Control in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell </a></H2> <H2><a href="inline_edit_korn.htm#A265913bd">Inline Editing in the Korn Shell or POSIX Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_korn_builtin_cmds.htm#A1MhWh29sylv">List of Korn Shell or POSIX Shell Built-in Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_bourne_builtin_cmds.htm#YEyWh37asylv">List of Bourne Shell Built-in Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="list_c_builtin_cmds.htm#eAzWh1dsylv">List of C Shell Built-in Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="related_info.htm#C756C06750mart">Korn Shell Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="related_info_bourne.htm#A9F5A159133shar">Bourne Shell Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="related_info_c.htm#D34618B582stcl">C Shell Related Information</a></H2> <H2><a href="bourne_shell.htm#A41C211df">Bourne Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="restricted_shell.htm#A41C211e5">Restricted Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="bourne_shell_cmds.htm#A41C211e0">Bourne Shell Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="var_file_name_subst_bourne.htm#A5kyTi282mart">Variable and File Name Substitution in the Bourne Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="input_output_redir_bourne.htm#A41C211e4">Input and Output Redirection in the Bourne Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="c_shell.htm#A59C22225">C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="c_shell_cmds.htm#A59C22226">C Shell Commands</a></H2> <H2><a href="history_subst_c.htm#A59C2222c">History Substitution in the C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="alias_subst_c.htm#A59C22235">Alias Substitution in the C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="var_file_name_subst_c.htm#pJQTi304mart">Variable and File Name Substitution in the C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="env_vars_c.htm#A59C22239">Environment Variables in the C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="input_output_redir_c.htm#A59C22243">Input and Output Redirection in the C Shell</a></H2> <H2><a href="job_control_c.htm#A59C22249">Job Control in the C Shell</a></H2> <H1><a href="misc_tools_util.htm#sW2Rg3bbdeni">Chapter 12. Miscellaneous Tools and Utilities</a></H1> <H2><a href="locate_cmd_keyword.htm#C51B5B0241mart">Locating a Command by Keyword (apropos Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_calendar.htm#Dq2Rg369deni">Displaying a Calendar (cal Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_reminder.htm#HJDLi1e8mart">Displaying Reminder Messages (calendar Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="display_help.htm#mJDLi2edmart">Displaying Help Information for New Users (help Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="start_cai_courses.htm#KKDLi38dmart">Starting Computer-Aided Instruction Courses (learn Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="remind_leave.htm#rKDLi102mart">Reminding Yourself When to Leave (leave Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="factor_number.htm#OLDLi2f2mart">Factoring a Number (factor Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="convert_units.htm#A5MDLi236mart">Converting Units of Measure (units Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="send_messages.htm#lp2Rg105deni">Sending Messages to Another Logged-In User (write Command)</a></H2> <H2><a href="cmd_sum_misc.htm#C51B5C3297mart">Command Summary for Miscellaneous Tools and Utilities</a></H2> <H1><a href="doc_search_service.htm#chap_hdr_dss">Chapter 13. Documentation Search Service</a></H1> <H2><a href="doc_search_service.htm#intro_dss">Introduction</a></H2> <H2><a href="doc_search_service.htm#using_dss">Using the Documentation Search Service</a></H2> <H2><a href="doc_search_service.htm#search_form">The Search Form</a></H2> <H2><a href="doc_search_service.htm#results_page">The Results Page</a></H2> <H2><a href="doc_search_service.htm#change_lang">How to Change the AIX Documentation Language</a></H2> <H1><a href="access_infoexplorer.htm#access_infoexplorer.htm">Appendix A. Accessing Information with InfoExplorer </a></H1> <H2><a href="access_infoexplorer.htm#using_info_ascii.htm">Using the InfoExplorer ASCII Interface</a></H2> <H2><a href="gs_info_ascii.htm#gs_info_ascii.htm">Getting Started (InfoExplorer ASCII)</a></H2> <H2><a href="customize_info_ascii.htm#A198C156">Customizing the InfoExplorer ASCII Program</a></H2> <H2><a href="x_res_available_for_info.htm#J21ackom">X Resources Available for the InfoExplorer Program</a></H2>