PSYCH 282
BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION
Links from the Textbook Preface
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Association for Behavior Analysis International
Association of Professional Behavior Analysts
APA Division 25 (Behavior Analysis)
Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy (ABCT)
Florida Association for Behavior Analysis
California Association for Behavior Analysis
Texas Association for Behavior Analysis
Berkshire Association for Behavior Analysis and Therapy
Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies
Behavior Analysis Certification Board (BACB)
Introduction to Behaviour Modification
Raymond Miltenberger, PhD, BCBA-D — homepage of the author of the textbook
The 10 Biggest Problems In The World According To The EU — Business Insider counts down the top problems that constitute a threat to the world
The Nurture Effect — how the science of human behaviour can improve our lives & our world
1854 Broad Stree cholera outbreak — explains the investigation by John Snow
History of Behavior Analysis — has biographies, photos, videos, and other information
LearningBehaviorAnalysis.com — explains foundational terms and concepts, with examples from everyday life and clinical practice
Behavior Analysis Online — University of North Texas offers online courses in behaviour analysis
Behaviorpedia — repository for peer-reviewed research, clinical intervention examples, general practice guidelines, and more
Science of Behavior — tutorials and glossary on ABA term
Behavior Online — for mental health professionals and applied behavioral scientists
Behavior modification — Wikipedia article on behaviour modification (contrast this with the Wikipedia article on Applied behavior analysis)
ABA Terms — gives definition of applied behavior analysis terms
Alan Kazdin — Slate articles on bmod and children
Evidence Based Intervention Network Manual — covers many different behavioural interventions
Intervention Central — lots of academic/behavioural intervention resources for teachers
BehaviorWorks.com — free resources on applied behaviour analysis
Behavior Research Company — BRCo sells materials for behaviour analysts
Society for the Quantitative Analyses of Behavior — SQAB brings a quantitative analysis to bear on the understanding of behavior
Behaviour Analysis and Learning — links to more sites, from Athabasca University
Classical Conditioning in A Clockwork Orange — explores the depiction of “aversion therapy” in the movie
About Behavior Analysis — subspecialty fact sheets and videos on many areas of application in ABA
What is the Difference Between Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities? — explains the difference and similarities between these terms
ABA memes — Pinterest pinboard about applied behaviour analysis memes, because why not?
Blogs
• Behaviorbabe — many posts on ABA topics
• ABA Mindset — explains many basic ABA concepts
• I Love ABA! — gives practical tips and strategies
• Behavioral Science in the 21st Century — the world according to behavioural science
• Different Roads — posts on topics relating to autism
• Behavioral Scientist — many posts on behavioural science in general
Podcasts
• The Behavioral Observations Podcast — conversations with behaviour analysts
• Shades of ABA — addressing diversity and inclusion within ABA
• The Behavior Trap — interview-based show with behavior analysts and students
• W.T.F What’s the function? — an animal behaviour consultant explains some basics
• Behaviorbabe podcast — interviews with behaviour analysts on lots of different topics
• Life with Behavior Analysis — applying behaviour analysis to everyday life and culture
• Love, Sex, and Applied Behavior Analysis — ABA applied to pop culture from a Black perspective
• Love Mayc Podcast — by a mother of an autistic son
• Behavior Analysis in Practice — discussion of articles published in ABAI’s Behaviour Analysis in Practice journal
• 5 Great Podcasts for Applied Behavior Analysts
Observing and Recording Behaviour
D.A.R.E.’s keepin’ it REAL — these elementary and middle school curricula adhere to lessons from prevention research principles (from DARE.org)
The New D.A.R.E. Program—This One Works — Scientific American article on “keepin’ it REAL”
Identity-First Autistic — promotes the acceptance of identity-first language for autistic people (vs. person-first language)
About DSM-5 — information on the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
DSM-5 — the American Psychiatric Association’s page on the DSM-5
College of Alberta Psychologists — CAP is the regulatory body for the profession of psychology in the province of Alberta
How do I Choose the Right Data Collection Method for my ABA Program? — explains and compares all different methods
Behavioral Recording — describes different ways of recording behaviours
Measuring Behavior — case study examples for frequency, interval, duration, and latency recording
Special Connections — explains and gives advantages/disadvantages of different recording methods, including event (continuous) recording, partial interval, whole interval, momentary time sample, and more (archived)
99 Problems (But My Graph Ain’t One) — spoof of the Jay-Z song by theautoclitics
Professional and Ethical Issues
BACB Credentials — source of Figure 29.1 in the coursepack reading, with live links to apply, maintain, and learn more
Professional practice of behavior analysis — Wikipedia article describing the scope of practice, history, applications, and more
BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts — the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s guidelines
Task Lists for BACB Certifications — covers basic behaviour-analytic skills, client-centered responsibilities, and foundational knowledge
Ethical Issues for Human Services — from the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT, then called the AABT), from 1977 (UAlberta credentials required)
The Right to Effective Behavioral Treatment — by Van Houten et al. (1988)
Statement on the Right to Effective Behavioral Treatment — from the Association for Behavior Analysis International (1989)
Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code Of Conduct — ethics code for APA and CPA members (2002, revised in 2010 and 2016)
Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists, Fourth Edition — the Canadian Psychological Association’s code of ethics
Code of Ethics — ethical principles established by the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association
Perverse incentive — Wikipedia article on this kind of unintended consequence
Perverse Incentives — article from Forbes.com
The Cobra Effect — podcast from Freakonomics
The Ouroboros Effect: The Revenge Effects of Unintended Consequences — a compilation of examples of the revenge effect (archived)
Risk Compensation: A “Side Effect” of Sport Injury Prevention? — a collection review of research on ironic sports injuries
What is an ABC Behaviour Chart? — explains how to use an ABC chart
Observing Behavior Using A-B-C Data — gives great examples of completed ABC charts, and has a fillable PDF form
How to Take Great ABC Data — has data sheets ranging from basic to detailed
Behavior Tools — many templates and data sheets to download (archived)
Data Collection Tools — scroll down for lots of data sheets, for task analysis, frequency, duration, and more (archived)
Data Sheets — has a few PDF data sheets online
Datasheets and templates — lots and lots of datasheets
Observing Behavior Using A-B-C Data — all about ABC observation data sheets
Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) Chart — gives an example ABC chart and a blank one
Behavior Charts for Home and School — suitable for children ages 4-10
Antecedent Behaviour Consequence (ABC) Data Sheet — complex form with examples
Sample A-B-C Data Collection Chart and Guiding Questions — in Word format
ABC Data Assessment Form — another Word format form
Visual Analysis of ABA Data — explains how ABA interprets graphically displayed data
Basic Graphing
10 Excel Chart Types and When to Use Them — When do you use which type of chart (or graph)?
Create a chart from start to finish — basic steps for Microsoft Excel
Creating graphs — very basic (and easy!) video on how to create a bmod graph in Excel
Online Interactive Tutorials for Creating Graphs With Excel 2007 or 2010 — explains how to make graphs using Excel (tutorial videos available here)
Excel graphing ABA style — walkthough video showing how to make bmod graph in Excel 2011 for the Mac
Basic ABA line graph in Excel — another walkthrough from Jenna Bales, BCBA
Advanced Graphing
Creating Single-Subject Design Graphs with Microsoft Excel — applies to older versions of Excel
Creating Single-Subject Design Graphs in Microsoft Excel — updated article applies to more recent versions of Excel
How to Make Single-subject Design Graphs Using Excel — guides for creating bar and line graphs in Excel for Mac and Windows
Automating Phase Change Lines and Their Labels Using Microsoft Excel — covers all versions of Excel (UAlberta credentials required)
Adding phases between baseline and treatment data — shows how to add a phase line and phase labels in Excel for Mac
ABA Graph in Excel - Including a Phase Change Line that Moves with Data — very thorough walkthrough
Phase-change lines, scale breaks, and trend lines using Excel 2013 — more sophisticated graphing in Excel 2013
Inserting Phase Change Lines into Microsoft Excel Graphs — gives step-by-step directions for Mac and Windows (video here)
How to Make a Line Graph with Phase Lines in Excel 2007 — requires some changes to work with current versions of Excel
APA Style
OWL: APA Style — the Purdue Online Writing Lab has an online workshop, and a formatting a style guide
APAStyle.org — the APA’s own website has limited free resources
Best of the APA Style Blog — gives instructions on much of APA style
APA Citation Style — this UAlberta Library Guide covers APA style extensively
Operant Conditioning
Behaviorology — website for The International Behaviorology Institute
Pigeon Patriot — article and bio on B.F. Skinner & his weaponized pigeons from Minnesota magazine
The Perfected Self — article on B.F. Skinner and bmod from The Atlantic
B.F. Skinner Foundation — has Skinner bio
Who Was B.F. Skinner — an inside look from a fellow behaviour analyst’s view
His Own Best Subject: A Visit to B.F. Skinner’s Basement — video of Skinner’s home office
B.F. Skinner T-shirt — in the style of Def Leppard (or try this one)
Operant Conditioning and Behaviorism — a historical outline
Operant Conditioning — two-part interactive online tutorial (archived)
The OC Pop Quiz — test your understanding of the terms used in operant conditioning (OC)
The Science of Consequences — how they affect genes, change the brain, and impact our world
Positive Reinforcement — video showing the real-world application of positive reinforcement
Data Checklist — explains Least Restrictive Behavior Interventions (LRBI)
The Pomodoro® Technique — brief description by the originator of this technique
Summer Camp Bead Program — in this summer camp program, children are awarded beads in recognition of certain behaviours
Clicker Training — introductory video from AnimalWonders Montana
TAGTeach International — this company applies conditioned reinforcers to human learning
The Difference between Positive/Negative Reinforcement and Positive/Negative Punishment — brief explanation about the differences between these consequences
Positive vs Negative Reinforcement — video with explanations and examples
Behavioral Game Design — a basic application of operant conditioning principles to video games
Positive punishment, negative punishment, and extinction — explains the difference between these procedures
Stimulus control — Wikipedia article on stimulus control
What is Stimulus Control? — applied to animal training
Corporal Punishment & Spanking
The “Spanking” Law: Section 43 of the Criminal Code — white paper from the Library of Parliament
Repeal 43 — this committee of lawyers, pediatricians, social workers and educators advocates for the repeal of section 43
Corinne’s Quest — BC-based organization whose goal is to end physical punishment of children in Canada
Liberals agree to revoke spanking law in response to TRC call — The Globe and Mail article from December 20, 2015
Violent discipline — data on physical punishment from UNICEF
The case against spanking — article from the APA’s Monitor on Psychology
Parenting Expert Warns Against Physical Punishment — Q&A with child psychologist Alan E. Kazdin, PhD (Kazdin’s website is here)
U.S. Alliance to End the Hitting of Children — working toward the end of all forms of physical and emotional punishment against children, especially in schools and homes
Center for Effective Discipline — addresses discipline at home and at school
StopSpanking.org — has documentary video and other resources
Project NoSpank — a resource for parents, students, educators, education policymakers, healthcare providers, children’s advocates, and all others who are concerned with the safety and wellbeing of children
End Corporal Punishment — multinational coalition against corporal punishment
The Hitting Stops Here! — a campaign for teaching kindness and respect in schools everywhere
Children are Unbeatable — presents seven very good reasons not to hit children
World Corporal Punishment Research — has 3,500 pages of factual documentation and resources
No Spanking, No Time-Out, No Problems — Alan Kazdin argues punishment is a waste of time when trying to eliminate problem behaviour--try this one weird trick instead
The Kazdin Method for Parenting — learn more about Kazdin’ positive opposites approach; here’s a Coursera video
The Natural Child Project — working for a world in which all children are treated with dignity, respect, understanding, and compassion
Statement on Restraint and Seclusion — ABAI’s policy on inappropriate and/or unnecessary use of seclusion, restraint, or other intrusive interventions
Senate Public Bill S-206 (42-1) — track the status of An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children against standard child-rearing violence)
Respondent Conditioning
Conditioned reflexes and behavior — online video of film of Pavlov’s original experiments
Pavlov’s Dog — can you make a dog drool on demand? (from Nobelprize.org)
What Is Classical Conditioning? (And Why Does It Matter?) — Scientific American blog post explains and gives real-world examples
Ivan Pavlov and Pavlovian Conditioning — bio of Pavlov and an explanation of Pavlovian conditioning
Classical Conditioning — in-depth blog post, with applications and everyday examples
Classically Conditioning Earthworms — shows how to use principles of classical conditioning on an earthworm
Little Albert, the Neurocomic — webcomic about the Little Albert experiment
The Little Albert Experiment — a closer look at the famous case of Little Albert
‘Little Albert’ regains his identity — article on Little Albert’s fate, from the APA’s Monitor on Psychology
The Search for Psychology’s Lost Boy — article on Digdon and Powell’s recent research on Little Albert’s identity (UAlberta credentials required)
Nancy Digdon and the identity of “Little Albert” — episode of YouTube channel the History of Psychology Show
Shaping
Shaping — Wikipedia article on shaping
Shaping — video showing the real-world application of shaping
Clicker training — Wikipedia article on clicker training of animals
Clicker Training Library — Karen Pryor is a pioneer in animal training using clickers as conditioned reinforcers
Karen Pryor Academy — educational institution that teaches animal training designed for both experienced and aspiring teachers
How To Clicker Train A Raptor (Or Any Other Animal) — some problems with the clicker training in Jurassic World and how to do it right
Airborne Crickets - History — brief history of the use of clickers in World War II
stale cheerios — this blog is all about positive animal training
Jonesy the Jack Russell Terrier Doesn’t Need a Stunt Double, He Does His Own Tricks! — shaping a dog’s behaviour to do a karate kick
Animal Training — learn how operant conditioning is used at SeaWorld
Detecting Landmines — this program trains African giant pouched rats to detect landmines
Teaching Operant Conditioning at the Zoo — discusses shaping plans for training animals (UAlberta credentials required); followup here (UAlberta credentials required)
Useful Dog Tricks performed by Jesse — plus more (and even more!)
How to toilet train your cat: catster, WikiHow, Clicker Training, and PetPlace.com; kits available from Litter Kwitter and CitiKitty
R2 Fish School — train your fish to do tricks using shaping (buy the R2 Fish School Kit)
Tic Tac Toe Chicken — website for this casino promotion
Project Pigeon (Orcon) — (silent) film of Skinner’s work training pigeons to guide missiles
The bizarre World War II project to train pigeons in gliders to drop bombs by pecking at screens that led to the touch screen — article on Project Pigeon
IQ-ZOO — online home of the trained animal exhibit (read more here)
Prompting & Fading
Response prompting procedures — Wikipedia article describing the use of different kinds of response prompts
ABA Autism Training - Prompting — video defines and gives examples of different types of prompts; also includes a discussion of prompt hierarchies and prompt fading
Prompting Hierarchy — contrasts most-to-least and least-to-most prompting
Prompting — video showing the use of levels of prompting
The A-Word, Autism: Prompt Fading and Categories — video showing use of prompting and fading with an autistic boy
Prompting and Fading — describes the categories of prompts and techniques for fading them
Prompting and Fading — gives examples, and contrasts most-to-least and least-to-most prompting
System of Least Prompts — overview and videos of least-to-most prompting (see also Graduated Guidance, Progressive Time Delay, and Other Procedures)
Using The System of Least to Most Prompts — explains how to use this prompting hierarchy
Fading — video showing the real-world application of fading
Harvard Alcohol Project — describes the TV campaign to promote designated drivers
Chaining
Task Analysis — simple examples of behavioural chains
Task Analysis — overview and step-by-step guide to task analysis for chaining
Task Analyses of Job Skills Taught to Adults with Autism — four examples of behavioural chains
Handwashing Task Analysis and Data Sheet — data sheet for washing hands
Chaining — video and over view chart
Chaining Hand Washing — shows example of backward chaining
self-instructions example (1972 version) — can you remember this shopping list? (2009 version here; parody here)
Functional Assessment
Instruction in Functional Assessment — open (free) textbook on functional assessment and functional analysis
Functional Behaviour Assessment — introduction to FBA (also explains why and gives an example)
Functions of Behaviour — breaks down some of the different categories and gives examples
A Practical Guide to Functional Behavioral Assessment — explains all the steps in FBA
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) Instructions — YouTube video goes over the steps of FBA
FBA and BIP templates and User Guides — for functional behaviour assessment and behaviour intervention plans
Practical Functional Behavioral Assessment Training Manual — FBA workbook with examples and problems
Strategies for Conducting a Functional Assessment — more resources, forms, charts, and tools (archived)
Indirect functional assessment methods:
• Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST)
• Problem Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ)
• Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS)
• Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS)
• Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF)
What is a Behaviour Support Plan? — brief intro to BSPs
The BSP Desk Reference — guide to developing and evaluating behaviour support plans
Differential Reinforcement
Aviva Journey and TD MyAdvantage — offer discounts on car insurance premiums (differential reinforcement) for good driving
Differential Reinforcement — overview of DRA, DRI, and DRO
Differential Reinforcement Procedures — explanations and examples of application of DR procedures
Differential Reinforcement Procedures — information on DRI, DRL, and DRO
Why Differential Reinforcement is Preferred to Punishment — blog post explaining Skinner’s view
DRA and DRO - Differential Reinforcement Tools for Behavioral Change — blog post explaning similarities and differences between DRA and DRO
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior — blog post explaining DRI
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior — blog post explaining DRL
Differential Reinforcement — video of explanations of DRA, DRI, and DRO, with examples
HealthyWage — this “health incentive program” rewards you for reaching your weight-loss goals--and penalizes you for failing to reach them
Antecedent Interventions
Establishing Operation vs. Discriminative Stimulus — compares and contrasts EOs and SDs (archived)
Motivating Operations and Discriminative Stimuli — explains the difference between discriminative stimuli and motivating operations
Three-term contingency — explains and gives examples of antecedents, behaviours, and consequences
A Tutorial on the Concept of the Motivating Operation and its Importance to Application — gives real-world examples of MOs
Nudge theory — online encyclopedia article with examples
Nudge — website for the influential book on nudges
Nudging for Good — using nudges to help people adopt healthier and more sustainable lifestyles
The Power of the Nudge to Change Our Energy Future — Scientific American article on applying nudges to the use of renewable energy
The Kitchen Safe — increase response effort with this time-locking cookie jar
Tip of the Week: Use Noncontingent Reinforcement — blog post by an applied behaviour analyst
Noncontingent Reinforcement— explains the procedure for using NCR
Applying Punishment
Time-out — Wikipedia article on this form of negative punishment
Supernanny - The Weston Family — YouTube video from the show Supernanny showing use of the naughty spot
Seclusion standards — current provincial government standards and guidelines on seclusion, physical restraint, and time-out in Alberta schools
SnūzNLūz — (fake) Wifi donation alarm clock from ThinkGeek
Universal Declaration of Human Rights — from the United Nations (1948)
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms — Wikipedia article on this bill of rights, which is part of the Constitution of Canada (1982)
Canadian Human Rights Act — Wikipedia article on this statute passed by Parliament (1977)
Alberta Human Rights Commission — the Commission fosters equality and reduces discrimination through the Alberta Human Rights Act
Generalization and Maintenance
Behavior Traps — elaborates on the strategy of a behavioural trap
Behavior Traps: Turning Obsessions into Motivational Gold — explains behavioural traps, with additional examples
“My Kid Would Never Do That: Gun Safety (part 1)” — Dateline NBC episode, featuring Dr. Ray Miltenberger (part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6)
Self-Management
Free Printable Behavior Charts.com — has lots of charts including behaviour contracts, chore charts, behavior charts, and more
SMART goals — use this acronym to help you reach your goals
Methods for Changing Behaviors — explains over a dozen different behaviour change procedures
Apps for behavior management and intervention — lists some professional ($$$) bmod apps
Using Behavioral Science to Build an Exercise Habit — gives tips, and explains the StepUp program
Contract/“bet”-based sites and apps:
• StickK — set a goal, create a commitment contract, and optionally penalize yourself for not reaching it
• Beeminder — stay on track, or they’ll charge you
• DietBet — reach your goal weight and earn actual money
Fitness/exercise/diet/sleep-tracker gadgets:
• Pavlok — break your bad habit or you’ll get a 340 V shock
• Biostrap, Fitbit, Garmin, Motiv, Samsung watches, Scosche, Spire, Suunto, WatchMinder, Withings, Zephyr HxM
Posture-tracking gadgets:
• Upright
Miscellaneous gadgets:
• The Kitchen Safe — time-lockable cookie jar
• Clocky — the alarm clock that runs away
Software/apps:
• Safe2Save — rewards you for safe driving (iOS and Android: free)
• Flipd — nudges you to spend time off your phone (iOS and Android: free)
• Hold — earn rewards for not using your phone (iOS: free)
• RescueTime — tracks how you spend time on your computer or Android device (Windows, Mac, Linux, Android: free)
• Forest: Stay focused, be present — avoid your blacklisted sites, and grow a virtual forest--and a real one (Firefox add-on, iOS, and Android: $3.99)
• Cold Turkey — blocks social media sites, games, programs, and other websites (Windows: free to $49)
• Freedom — blocks app or internet access for a specified time (Mac, Windows, iOS, Android, Chromebook, Linux: from US$3.33/month)
• LeechBlock — blocks websites you choose for certain time periods (Firefox, Chrome, and Edge add-ons: free)
• Write or Die — aims to eliminate writer’s block by using reinforcement or punishment (browser-based: free)
Behaviour recording apps:
• Screen Time (iOS) and Digital Wellbeing (Android) can track your cellphone usage
• Frequency, An ABA Frequency Recording App (iPadOS: $4.99)
• Intervals, An ABA Interval Recording App (iPadOS: $4.99)
• Duration, An ABA Duration Recording App (iOS: $3.99)
• Behavioral Timer Free — for recording time-based data (Android: free)
General behaviour-change apps:
• LifeRPG — gamify your life to acheive your goals (Android: free)
• Habit-Bull — habit tracker (iOS and Android: free)
• Coach.me — habit tracker (iOS and Android: free)
• SuperBetter — helps you achieve your goals by increasing your personal resilience (iOS and Android: $$$)
• Habitica — habit building app that treats your life like an RPG game (iOS, Android, and online)
• 2Morrow Health — app helps you change unhealthy behaviours (iOS and Android): free)
• iAchieved — track daily goals and habits (iOS: free)
• Way of Life - Habit Tracker — track and change your habits (iOS: free)
• The Habit Factor Habit Tracker — companion app to the book (iOS: $13.99, Android lite: free, Android pro: $8.99)
Fitness/exercise/diet apps:
• Lose It! (iOS and Android: free)
• MyFitnessPal (iOS and Android: free)
Alarm clock apps:
• Toki Alarm: Puzzle Alarm Clock (iOS: $0.99)
• Puzzle Alarm Clock (iPadOS: free)
• Math Puzzle Alarm Clock (iPadOS: free)
• Alarm Clock Puzzle (Android: free)
• I Can't Wake Up! (Android: free)
• Challenges Alarm Clock (Android: free)
Quit smoking apps:
• Slighter “smart lighter” and app helps you quit smoking
• QuitNow! (iOS and Android: free)
• quitSTART (iOS and Android: free)
• Smoke Free - Quit Smoking Now (iOS: free)
Willpower
The 24 Character Strengths — from the VIA Institute on Character: what is your greatest strength?
Ego depletion — Wikipedia article on ego depletion
Willpower and how to make it work for you — video of Roy Baumeister at ”Happiness & Its Causes”
The power of self-control — describes research by Roy F. Baumeister on discovered surprising ways to improve willpower
What You Need to Know about Willpower: The Psychological Science of Self-Control — the APA steps through willpower and self-control
The Chocolate-and-Radish Experiment That Birthed the Modern Conception of Willpower — article from The Atlantic that gives an overview of Roy Baumeister’s research on willpower
Do You Suffer From Decision Fatigue? — article about research from Baumeister’s lab
The Science of Willpower — Kelly McGonigal’s blog for Psychology Today
Willpower: It’s in Your Head — New York Times article on the strength model of willpower
Key to keeping New Year resolutions revealed by psychologist — Richard Wiseman’s 10 tips for success
Be It Resolved — article applying willpower research to New Year’s resolutions
How to Keep Your Resolutions — article about how to keep your...you know
Habits
How Long Does It Really Take to Form a Habit? — Scientific American debunks the “21 day” myth
Creatures of Habit — episode of the Choiceology podcast on habits and self-control
The TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Disorders — national nonprofit devoted to ending the suffering caused by disorders including hair pulling, nail biting, and skin picking
StopPulling.com — internet-based treatment program for hair pulling
StopPicking.com — internet-based treatment program for self-injurious skin picking
Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada — charitable organization of volunteers assisting individuals affected by Tourette Syndrome
Canadian Stuttering Association — promotes awareness of stuttering and support for people afflicted with this disorder
Build Habits That Stick by Anchoring Them to Your Old Habits — Lifehacker article
Stanford Behavior Design Lab — Dr BJ Fogg’s research on “behaviour design” has led to Tiny Habits, Behavior Model, Behavior Grid, and Behavior Wizard
MotivAider — electronic device that enables people to stay focused and change behavior and habits ($47.50 and up)
The Neuroscience of Habits: How They Form and How to Change Them — excerpt from the book The Power of Habit
The Power of Habit — website for the book written by Charles Duhigg
How To Break ANY Bad Habit — by the author of Making Habits, Breaking Habits and PsyBlog
The Habit Factor — companion website for the book written by Martin Grunburg
Nathan Azrin — obituary from NYTimes.com
Should Habits or Goals Direct Your Life? It Depends — explains the pros and cons of each
Mind Skills for Lasting Weight Loss — Weight Watchers describes how behavioural and cognitive skills contribute to successful maintenance of weight loss
Summer Tomato | Habits — a neuroscientist’s approach to habits and weight loss
Dr. Cameron’s Blog — Michael Cameron’s blog covers topics on behavioural medicine
Token Economies
Los Horcones — Wikipedia article on this intentional community, based on Walden Two
Isolated Desert Community Lives by Skinner’s Precepts — article on Los Horcones from the New York Times
Twin Oaks Community — another intentional community in Virginia
Dandelion Community — from the Federation of Egalitarian Communities
Fellowship for Intentional Community — international organization for communities like Los Horcones
Nathan Azrin and Token Economies — bio of Azrin, and an explanation of token economies
Token economy — Wikipedia article on token economy system
Token Economies — discusses how to use token economies for children with problem behaviours
The World’s Easiest Token System for Behavior Management — describes the use of a token economy in the classroom
Biography of Alexander Maconochie — describes Maconochie’s use of “marks” for prison inmates
Fear and Anxiety Reduction Procedures
How Fears Develop — webcomic on fear and fear extinction by Dwayne Godwin and Jorge Cham
About Autogenic Training — the British Autogenic Society answers frequently asked questions
Proper Breathing Brings Better Health — how autogenic training reduces stress, prevents insomnia, helps control emotions, and improves attention
Guided Imagery — free online course from Coursera
Guided imagery videos:
• progressive muscle relaxation
• Lord of the Rings: Rivendell
• Lord of the Rings: Meeting Galdalf in the Shire
Joseph Wolpe and Systematic Desensitization — bio of Wolpe and an explanation of systematic desensitization, with examples and practice exercises
Systematic desensitization — Wikipedia article on this form of therapy
Systematic Desensitization — detailed description from A Guide to Psychology and its Practice
Desensitization.org — Everything about the term desensitization, including Mary Cover Jones, Joseph Wolpe, and more (archived)
Exposure therapy — Wikipedia article on this form of therapy
Virtual-Reality Headset Is Reinventing Exposure Therapy — Scientific American article on virtual reality therapy using the Meta VR headsets
VR therapy research labs, clinics, and companies:
• USC: Medical Virtual Reality (MedVR) (videos available here)
• Cornell: Virtual Reality Therapy
• The Virtual Reality Medical Center
• Amelia
Meditation apps:
• The Mindfulness App — guided mindfulness and meditation (iOS and Android)
• Headspace — mindfulness, meditation, & sleep app (iOS and Android: free)
• Calm — app for meditation and sleep (iOS and Android: free)
• Breathe2Relax — stress management/diaphragmatic breathing app (iOS and Android: free)
Cognitive-Behaviour Therapies
Cognitive behavioral therapy — Wikipedia article on CBT, describing its history, application, and types
Cognitive Behavior Therapy — a blog on various CBT topics
All About Cognitive Behavioral Therapy — PsychCentral’s thorough introduction to CBT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Exercises — exercises that are part of several different CBT treatments
CBT Worksheets, Handouts, and Audio Packs — downloadables from Psychology Tools
Rational emotive behavior therapy — Wikipedia article on Ellis’s variant of CBT
Essence of REBT — summary of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy by Albert Ellis
The Albert Ellis Institute — this psychotherapy training institute promotes emotional well-being through the research and application of therapy
REBT Network — promotes Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and the life & work of its creator, Dr. Albert Ellis
All About Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy — PsychCentral looks at REBT
Albert Ellis and Gloria — video of a full counseling session of Ellis with one of his clients
Cognitive therapy — Wikipedia article on Beck’s variant of CBT
Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy — source for training, therapy, and resources in CBT (read the CBT Insights blog and Understanding CBT)
Faulty Thinking — describes Beck’s six types of faulty thinking, with examples
Teenage Stress Prevention — ...actually has great examples of Beck’s cognitive distortions
Cognitive Distortions: Unhelpful Thinking Habits — another look at Beck’s and Burns’ cognitive distortions
15 Cognitive Distortions to Blame for Negative Thinking — PsychCentral gives examples of inaccurate thoughts
Donald Meichenbaum — articles, videos, and podcasts about Donald Meichenbaum
Dr. Donald Meichenbaum — has videos and online activities, from the Great Canadian Psychologists website
Stress Inoculation: Is This Training for You? — PsychCentral explains stress inoculation therapy
The Melissa Institute — non-profit organization dedicated to the study and prevention of violence, co-founded by Donald Meichenbaum
NACBT.org — the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists is the leading organization dedicated exclusively to supporting, promoting, teaching, and developing cognitive-behavioral therapy
Oxford Mindfulness Centre — promotes mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression
Next Steps
The Canadian Handbook for Careers in Psychological Science — this online book explains the many ways you can apply training in psychological science in a variety of careers and sectors
Science of Behavior Change — the SOBC Research Network seeks to improve the understanding of underlying mechanisms of human behaviour change by promoting basic research on the initiation, personalization, and maintenance of behaviour change
Behavior Change for Good Initiative — unites a world-class, interdisciplinary team of academic experts with leading organizational partners to help advance the science and practice of behaviour change
PSYCH 381: Principles of Learning — requires PSYCH 282 as a prerequisite
What Does a Behavioural Interventionist Do? — explore the nature of this bmod-related career option
Applied Behavior Analysis Graduate Programs — listing of institutions in the USA where you can get a Master’s or Ph.D. in ABA
Applied Behavior Analysis Programs Guide — information for those considering a degree in ABA, including online programs
List of ABAI Accredited Programs — US institutions accredited by the Association for Behavior Analysis International
BACB-approved behaviour analysis programs in Canada:
• MacEwanU: Behavioural Interventions Certificate of Achievement (can lead to BCaBA): overview & program info (and YouTube explainer video)
• BrockU: Applied Disability Studies (MA, MADS, and Graduate Diploma)
• CapilanoU: Applied Behaviour Analysis (Autism) BA, Applied Behaviour Analysis (Autism) Post Baccalaureate Diploma, Applied Behaviour Analysis (Autism) Post Baccalaureate Certificate
• Douglas College: Behaviour Intervention Certificate Program, Disability and Applied Behaviour Analysis Advanced Certificate Program
• George Brown College: Honours Bachelor of Behaviour Analysis Program, Behavioural Science Technology Program, Autism and Behavioural Science Program (Postgraduate)
• Humber College: Bachelor of Behavioural Science
• Lambton College: Autism & Behavioural Science
• Niagara College: Autism and Behavioural Science
• University of New Brunswick: Behavioural Intervention Training Support Programs
• St. Lawrence College: Behavioural Science, Autism & Behavioural Science, Honours Bachelor of Behavioural Psychology
• UBC: Behaviour Analyst Certification
• UManitoba: Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA)
• Western: Master of Professional Education, Field of Applied Behaviour Analysis
Professional organizations:
• Association of Professional Behavior Analysts
• Association for Contextual Behavioral Science
Professional organizations in Canada:
• Alberta Association for Behaviour Analysis (AltaABA)
• Manitoba Association for Behaviour Analysis
• Ontario Association for Behaviour Analysis
• Quebec Association for Behaviour Analysis
• Canadian Association of Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies
Behaviour Analyst/Behaviour Interventionist job listings:
• Centre for Autism Services Alberta
• ABA Jobs
• Indeed